SEE BELOW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SEE BELOW - Essay Example In the closing paragraph, an appreciation and a positive expectation of a future was stated to the customer. Thank you for your letter about your $1000 CrossWalk 570 treadmill equipment. Fitness Equipment Store appreciates your inquiry concerning your CrossWalk 570 treadmill equipment and wanted to satisfy our customers with high-quality. Fitness equipments should be built to last is what Fitness Equipment Company believes just like you do. This is the reason why we stand behind our products with a one year warranty. However, we can still help by repairing your equipment with $35 repair service fee. Fortunately, we have the following service fee promo for this first month of the year that you can avail: Please take or package the equipment carefully to our store in S Morgan Street, Chicago with your name, address, phone number, and a brief description of the malfunction along with a check of $10 initial examination. After the assessment, we will send you a written estimate of the needed parts. Then please let us know if you want to make the repairs by calling this number, 312-2222. Thank you again for inquiring for our service. If you want to inquire about the latest fitness equipments, feel free to visit our website at www.fitness_equipment.com. If you want to have the newest model of treadmills, Fitness Equipment Store will provide a generous assistance for

BMW new change program Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BMW new change program - Case Study Example Also we can observe that the management also has redesigned the job of the workers. The hierarchical structure has been diminished and the teams hold more responsibility. Eventually, this will create new challenges for the members of the team. There is also evidence that the jobs of the workers no longer involve monotonous tasks. The jobs of the team members are halved so that they can concentrate on the development of the team. Every fortnight the team members talk for 45 minutes to solve problems and to gather new ideas. The assembly line workers who were previously responsible only in the production levels were now having additional roles in tackling problems and suggesting solutions which has resulted in huge gains for the organization. By making the job more challenging and providing opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility and growth, the job itself becomes a source of motivation. b) The management of BMW has taken the approach to maintain the hygiene and motivational factors as suggested by Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory. In this theory, Herzberg explains that there are hygiene factors, which are not intrinsic part of the job but the conditions under which a job is performed. These factors do not help in the improvement of efficiency of the organization, but they prevent losses in the performance of the workers. These factors help in maintaining a reasonable level of output from the workers. At BMW the hygiene factors are already well established. Hence, to heave a motivated workforce, the management decided to improve the motivational factors such as increasing the responsibility, achievement and recognition. By dividing the workers into teams and empowering them to solve problems and make decisions, the management has increased the presence of motivational factors in the organization. The jobs of the workers now include a variety of tasks and the formal structures have given way to more people oriented teams. This creates job enrichment. The idea of maintaining the motivational factors hs lead to job rotation, job enrichment and job enlargement, which has benefitted the company to a major extent. By increasing the scope of responsibility and recognition the management has created more value to the job of the assembly line worker. The Herzberg's approach can often motivate the members to achieve new heights which the human resource policies fail to achieve. c) Working in groups benefits both the employees and the organization. For the employees it is very useful by creating a participatory work environment. At BMW, the management also takes part in the production process, hence the environment of participatory work is established. Next, there is improved organizational processes and procedures. The teams are empowered to make decisions, hence the processes and procedures followed become more effective. The worker satisfaction is increased because of the additional roles played by the team members. Working in empower teams helps to establish a positive work environment which gives room for better human relationships. Hence, this helps the workers to reduce stress, increase shares responsibility and trust amount the members of the team thus increasing the quality of the work life. Also, the workers are made to attend workshops and training programs by the management, which gives them opportunity to develop themselves. For the

Autocad Vs Microstation: Summary and Evaluation

Autocad Vs Microstation: Summary and Evaluation Patricia Ferreras Table of Contents (Jump to) What is CAD? AutoCAD and MicroStation History Research 2D Design Features 3D Design Features Interoperability Conclusion Bibliography What is CAD? CAD is an abbreviation of Computer Aided Design, and refers to software used to create detailed, precise drawings and technical illustrations. CAD software is capable of creating two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) models. (WhatIs.com, 2011) AutoCAD and MicroStation History: AutoCAD was introduced in 1982 as a desktop application. Since 2010, it has evolved into a mobile web and cloud based application, currently marketed as AutoCAD 360. (Wikipedia, 2014) MicroStation was introduced early in 1987 with the capacity to write to design files with the extension â€Å".DGN†. In its early days, it had simple modification abilities, and it was capable of displaying each element in their intermediate states during placement. MicroStation V8i (SELECTseries 2)- July 2010 added integrated point cloud support. (Bentley, 2014) Research The scope of my research is to compare the two leaders software packages in design, both of them are used by a wide range of professionals, mainly in the fileds of Engineering, Architecture and Industrial Design. Different people have different needs or preferences, but I want to keep my research as objective as possible, that is why I going to focus is three key aspects of the software, 2D, 3D and interoperability. 2D Design Features: The comparison is based in the latest versions of each program, and on the available functions and tools for managing 2D designs that a CAD software provides. (Chief, 2012) AutoCAD 2013 MicroStation V8i In 2D Designing, what makes users happy are the features and tools that AutoCAD provides, such as: The Sketch tool which allows 2D Drafts to be intuitively drawn A customizable tool palette, color palette and command log Tape Measure Tool, text Box and Snap to grid functionalities, From 3D models generates 2D Drawings Even though MicroStation provides many useful tools, it is lacking some key features for 2D Designing. Its available features include: An advanced sketch tool Color palette, tool palettes and command logs, all of which are customizable From 3D Models, could generate 2D Drawings 3D Design Features: These features include Simulation, 3D Modeling and animation using features provided by the CAD software. (Chief, 2012) (enggcyclopedia, 2012) AutoCAD 2013 MicroStation V8i AutoCAD 2013 include the following features and tools needed for the 3D Modeling, Rendering and Animation: Has parametric Modeling Tools Material changes as they occur, so it could be viewed in real time Extrude 3D Models from 2D Drawings Photorealistic models could be created. Basic animation projects are enable through its animation features AutoCAD is recognized as a business-oriented design tool, and is regarded as following industry standards. MicroStation provides more of a thorough platform for 3D Modeling and Animation. It is more advanced than AutoCAD in some respects: Parametric modeling tools and features Real time modifications can be previewed as they are implemented Microstation can â€Å"extrude† 3D Models from 2D Drawings with 3D geometric surfaces Photorealistic models can be achieved 3D Printing is supported MicroStation claims to respect its users by providing them with a CAD environment built to cater for all their needs. Interoperability: This factor relates to collaboration functionality with other CAD Applications, the ability for more than one designer to work simultaneously on one platform, cloud features, and a number of other functions. (Chief, 2012) (Alvarez, 2006) AutoCAD 2013 MicroStation V8i AutoCAD 2013’s full-featured user-interface and interoperability features include the following: Support for readable and writable file formats such as: DWG, PDF, 3DS, DWF The Autodesk Cloud Feature, Autodesk 360 allows designers on the CAD Software Workspace to work away from the office. It provides each user with roughly 3 GB of space, and this figure can be increased to cater for file sharing. Integration of Google Mapping The users felt that the re-design introduced with Land Development was very different from the previous applications such as CivilCAD and Softdesk. MicroStation is an application with total integration of other applications within Bentley or external applications that develop in a MicroStation environment . It wins the war of interoperability. The main features include the following: It supports readable and writeable file formats including: Sketchup, DWF, Revit, PDF,DWG An AutoCAD interoperability function which allow designers to work with all of Autodesk’s CAD Versions Geo-location is supported by providing designers with coordinates for actual real-life buildings. It allows integration of Google Maps, and allows for sharing and networking between designers. Designer’s work is protected from intellectual theft via a digital signature feature The users find quite easy to use the different applications of MicroStation, is very similar design. Conclusion Which one is better? Well, from a personal point of view, AutoCAD is a clear winner when it comes to 2D Design. This is possibly because it was the first CAD software that I learned how to use, and the one that I have used more often. But I am not the only one that thinks this: many professionals that use AutoCAD agreed that â€Å"AutoCAD still trumps the MicroStation with its advanced 2D Drafting capabilities† (Chief, 2012) When it comes to 3D support, I have to give this to MicroStation. I lost count of how many coffees I had while the computer was rendering a 3D Design. It takes practically forever, so the best thing to do was to let the machine to do the magic and take a break. (Alvarez, 2006) In conclusion, both CAD tools provide features which classify them as advanced drafting tools. These tools can be used by CAD designers to draw and design both 2D and 3D Designs, independent of their complexity. (Prakoso, 2011) In summary, I would regard AutoCAD as a better drafting tool, but MicroStation as a better CAD platform. Bibliography History of MicroStation MicroStation Wiki MicroStation Be Communities by Bentley. 2014. History of MicroStation MicroStation Wiki MicroStation Be Communities by Bentley. [ONLINE] Available at: http://communities.bentley.com/products/microstation/w/microstation__wiki/3164.history-of-microstation.aspx. [Accessed 10 March 2014]. Autodesk Company. 2014. Autodesk Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://usa.autodesk.com/company/. [Accessed 10 March 2014]. AutoCAD Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2014. AutoCAD Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. BE Magazine En Espanol Volume 1-Issue 12. 2014. BE Magazine En Espanol Volume 1-Issue 12. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nxtbook.com/fx/books/bemagazine/vol1issue1spanmexico/index.php?startpage=12. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. MicroStation ® vs. AutoCAD ® which is better. 2014. MicroStation ® vs. AutoCAD ® which is better. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.indiacadworks.com/blog/microstation-vs-autocad-comparing-features/. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. Whats the Difference Between AutoCAD and Other 3D programs?. 2014. Whats the Difference Between AutoCAD and Other 3D programs?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://animation.about.com/od/faqs/f/Whats-The-Difference-Between-Autocad-And-Other-3d-Programs.htm. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. Microstation or Revit..what to choose? | Forum | Archinect. 2014. Microstation or Revit..what to choose? | Forum | Archinect. [ONLINE] Available at: http://archinect.com/forum/thread/96142/microstation-or-revit-what-to-choose. [Accessed 18 March 2014]. AutoCAD versus MicroStation, which one is the best? | CAD Notes. 2014. AutoCAD versus MicroStation, which one is the best? | CAD Notes. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.cad-notes.com/autocad-versus-microstation-which-one-is-the-best/. [Accessed 21 March 2014]. . 2014. . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.google.ie/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=6ved=0CF0QFjAFurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcad-software.findthebest.com%2Fcompare%2F5-19%2FAutoCAD-vs-MicroStation-V8iei=So4sU5j-MqWI7AaL5YGgBgusg=AFQjCNHRN8j20Fq52oVzAW6c2-7ihTQpNQbvm=bv.62922401,d.ZGU. [Accessed 21 March 2014]. Reducing Childhood Obesity: Health Promotion or CBT Reducing Childhood Obesity: Health Promotion or CBT NuRS21010 Understanding Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Concept Terms Boolean Operator Hits Population: Childhood Childhood, young people, children, child, youth. (Childhood obesity or young people or children or child or your ) and health promotion or cognitive behavioural therapy 38 Intervention: health promotion Health, promotion, (Childhood obesity or young people or children or child or your ) and health promotion or cognitive behavioural therapy 21 Comparison: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy CBT, behavioural, behavioural (Childhood obesity or young people or children or child or your ) and health promotion or (cognitive behavioural therapy or CBT ) 17 Outcome: obesity Obese, weight gain. (Childhood or young people or children or child or youth ) and ( obesity or obese or weight gain) and health promotion or (cognitive behavioural therapy or CBT ) 11 Which is more effective in reducing childhood obesity health promotion or Cognitive behavioural therapy? Concept Terms Truncate Hits Population: Childhood Childhood, young people, children, child, youth. Child* obesity health promotion or cognitive behavioural therapy 26 Intervention: Nurse led health promotion Health, promotion, Child* obesity and health promotion and cognitive behavioural therapy 15 Comparison: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy CBT, behavioural, behavioural Child* obesity health promotion or cognitive behaviour* tharap? 10 The first part of my essay will be based on the evaluation on my question this will include looking at the strengths, weaknesses and how I could improve it if I were to do it again. I wanted to research the question: which is more effective in reducing childhood obesity, health promotion or Cognitive behavioural therapy? As I find the topic childhood obesity really fascinating especially with the current national epidemic of childhood obesity. This made me realise that it’s a concerning health issue so I wanted to explore the possible interventions which were available for those suffering from childhood obesity. To do this I compared one of the most common interventions (health promotion) to one of the emerging interventions being used to treat childhood obesity (cognitive behavioural therapy). I used the CINHAL database for my literature search as it provides indexing of the top nursing and allied health literature (CINHAL, 2013) and offers information relevant to my question. When researching I used truncation I decided to truncate the terms in my research question as I wanted to collect the information which was relevant to my question rather than irrelevant data, as it did not correlate to my question. This worked as each time I truncated I was able to gather data which related to my research question so this was beneficial mechanism when gathering relevant data. A research mechanism which I used was the Boolean operator to help me find appropriate literature. Boolean operators utilise the terms: â€Å"and†, â€Å"or† and â€Å"not† to restrict, increase, or narrow searches depending on Boolean logic, which describes how Boolean operators manipulates large sets of data (Barker et al 2011).Boolean operators link keywords and phrases this informs the search engine how to interpret the search, which helps identify the results the researcher is looking for (Barker et al 2011). By utilizing the Boolean operator it helped narrow my search and provided me with the literature which was relevant to my research question. Because at first when I researched I got a lot of hits but a majority if the literature was irrelevant and therefore not required, but by using the boolean operator it allowed me to access specific literature for my research question. I think I could have improved my research question by making my research question more specific for instance instead of childhood obesity which is a very large age group I could have narrowed it down to teenagers. As this will give me a sense of direction when looking for supporting literature as it’s a specific age group this can be supported by Sackett (2000) who sates that by asking a precise question you can look for specific knowledge for chosen research topic. Whereas with my current question I have a lot to cover as it looks at childhood obesity which is a broad age group, which makes it difficult gathering supporting literature. Another weakness is that although I gathered literature for my research question a majority of it was applicable to health promotion interventions in comparison to cognitive behavioural therapy in relation to childhood obesity. So to alter this I think I would have compared health promotional techniques to non-health promotion health techniques. This will ensure I get a balance of supporting literature between the comparisons, as there was little literature for cognitive behavioural therapy. This part of the essay will critically appraise intervention for ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children: a controlled and randomised clinical trial (Lima et al, 2013). The CASP tool (Guyatt et al 1993) will be used to achieve this. 1. Was the question clear? The population that was studied was 42 asthmatic children age 2. Was this a randomised controlled trial? The study used a randomised clinical trial (RCT). A RCT is where partakers are randomly allotted to one or more control groups this is determined by the number of interventions (Parahoo, 2006). Randomisation means allocating applicants to experimental or control groups at random so that partakers have an equal likelihood of being placed in either group (Lang, 1997). This eradicates selection bias and offers equilibrium amid recognised and unidentified confounding factors to make a control group similar to the treatment group (Akbong, 2005). The method was apt for the question being researched as Machin Fayers, (2010) states that RCT’s are the principal mode for defining the comparative efficacy and safety of substitute medical devices, interventions or treatments. This method is apt for the research as the question aimed to analyse the effectiveness of an intervention for the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children. The study used this method to verify the effect of asthmatic of an intervention for asthmatic children. Lawrence et al (2010) RCTs are the finest for trials determining the impact of health interventions, they’re very robust and systematic for critiquing the efficiency of health interventions. Though there is a risk of bias when there are errors in the strategy and organisation of a trial (Akobeng, 2005). 3.Were participants allocated to intervention group and control groups? The partakers were aptly allocated to intervention and control groups. As participants were allocated to groups via generating an algorithm of random numbers through the use of the R software (Lima et al, 2013). The inclusion criteria in the study were asthma identified by a doctor, based on assessment and physical existence defining features and linked factors termed in the NANDA international taxonomy age 4. Were participants and staff blind to participants study group? The team member who did the randomisation did not partake in the interventions or the outcome evaluation. This shows that the study used blinding which is vital as there is a threat in RCTs exploring the benefits of one intervention over an alternative as it can impact outcomes, causing influenced results. Blinding trials reduces bias, blinding refers to the exercise of stopping partakers, health professionals, and those gathering and examining data from knowing who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group, to avert them from being influenced by such knowledge (Day, 2000). Studies show that by blinding patients and health professionals avoids bias. Trials which didn’t blind bore more estimates of treatment effects than trials in which authors conveyed blinding (odds ratios overstated, by 17%) (Schulz Grimes, 2002). 5. Were all participants accounted in conclusion? All the participants in the study group were followed up for its conclusion. The participants in the control group did not get the option to be in the intervention group or vice versa. 6 .Were participants in all groups followed up and data collection in the same way? All the participants were followed up in the study. The effect of the intervention was evaluated at a single moment, due to the obstruction of secretion as it reversed quickly and linked to working with other professionals (Lima et al, 2013). 7. Did the study have enough participants to minimise the chance of play? The study used chi-squared test for power calculation. The test aims to test the hypothesis of no association between two or multiple groups, criteria and population (West, 2008). The chi test found P=0.061, statically significance was assumed at P 8. What is the main result? The study found an improvement in obstructive symptoms in those who took the intervention offered, with great alterations in the displays of choking and adventitious breath sounds. The generalisations may be limited as children in the intervention group show higher values for age and weight. The group also consisted of children under the age of 36 months thus likely to have asthma attacks (Lima et al, 2013). This may question the validity of the results found. The study also found there was little research in this topic making it challenging when trying to compare findings with other research (Lima et al, 2013). The study uses a small sample as there are only 42 participants in the study, so not really representative. Akobeng, (2005) argues that when a study uses a small sample of participants in it can be difficult identify the real variances of results found from both the intervention and control group. The study highlights the need for research on airway clearance techniques to as sess the effectiveness of its use. The findings suggest studies to offer planned interventions during hospitalization to determine the link between the intervention and a decreased in the duration of hospital stay (Lima et al, 2013). 9. How precise are these results? The study used Mann–Whitney test uses the findings of the t-test to identify variances amid two groups of habitually distributed population (Burns Grove, 2005). The Mann Whitney test found that after the intervention, the intervention group showed greater improvement than the control group for the indicators of choking (16.83 vs. 26.17, P = 0.007) and adventitious breath sounds (16.4 vs. 26.6, P = 0.005). This illustrates that the detected variance between the groups is doubtful to have happened by chance hence the null hypothesises rejected due to no variance and the other hypothesis as there is an actual variance in the intervention group is taken into account (Akobeng, 2005). 10. Were all vital outcomes considered so the results can be applied? The participants in the study are classified as asthmatic it doesn’t specify the type of asthma they have. Knowing they type of asthma they had i.e. chronic or acute asthma is beneficial as will illustrate if there is a different effect on a patient with certain type of asthma. For instance Schechter (2007) found that airway clearance therapy has little or no effect on acute asthma, so techniques used in this study may not be applicable for those with acute asthma. Airway clearance techniques requires training in order for patient or carers to carry it out correctly, this may be an issue for some as they may not have the funding or money for training. In relation to parents and carers airway clearance techniques may be a barrier for them when implementing it to their child. As airway clearance techniques require equipment and considerable amount of time (Walsh et al, 2011) to carry out in order to ensure that it is carried out correctly and effectively on child. This can be an issue for parents and carers especially if they don’t have the time due to other issues such as work or taking care of other children. According Pryor (2009) to policy makers and health care professionals in the UK, are less likely to utilise the intervention of airway clearance in asthma patients due to the uncertainty of the effectiveness of its usage in asthma patients this is also because of little research available on this topic. The study itself also mentions the lack of research available on airway clearance Walsh et al, (2011) techniques for asthma (Lima et al, 2013). Also found although airway clearance techniques have progressed over the years there is little research to illustrate the effectiveness of airway clearance techniques amid the child population who have asthma (Walsh et al, 2011). Reference List Akobeng AK. Evidence-based child health. 1. Principles of evidence-based medicine. Arch Dis Child 2005;90:837–40 Barker D., Barker M., Pinard , K., (2011). London : Cengage Learning. Blaikie N. (2009). Designing Social Research. 2nd ed. UK: Polity Press. CINHAL (2013). CINHAL Database (online). Available at:http://www.ebscohost.com/nursing/products/cinahl-databases/cinahl-complete>. Accessed at 19th November 2013. Burns N. Grove S.K, (2005). The practise of nursing research: conduct, critique and utilisation. 5th ed. USA: Elsevier Saunders. Chia KS. Randomisation: magical cure for bias. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2000;29:563–4. Day SJ, Altman DG. Blinding in clinical trials and other studies. BMJ 2000;321:504. Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, and Cook DJ (1993).Users’ guides to the medical literature. II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention. JAMA 1993; 270 (21): 2598-2601 and JAMA 1994; 271(1): 59-63 Lawrence M. Friedman, Furberg C.D, DeMets D (2010). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (online). Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pIx-0LvD6agCpg=PA97dq=advantages+of+randomised+controlled+trialshl=ensa=Xei=ACbLUtvWBdG0hAf094EIredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=advantages%20of%20randomised%20controlled%20trialsf=false> Acessed at 6th January 2014. Lang TA, Secic M. How to report statistics in medicine. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians, 1997. Lima L.H.O, Lopes M.V.O, Falcà £o R.T.S, Freitas R.M.R, Oliveira TF, da Costa M.C.C (2013). Intervention for ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children: A controlled and randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2013; 19: 88–94 Machin D Fayers P, (2010). Randomized Clinical Trials: Design, Practice and Reporting (online). Available at:http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=l6oxPO9riPYCprintsec=frontcoverdq=randomised+clinical+trialhl=ensa=Xei=wSPLUuiqNNSKhQem_YCgDgredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=randomised%20clinical%20trialf=false >. Accessed at 6th January 2014. NANDA, (2012).Defining NANDA (online). Available at :http://www.nanda.org/nanda-international-taxonomy-licensing.html>. Accessed at 6th January 2014. Olbricht G Wong Y,(2008). Power and Sample Size Calculation (online). Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/195151500/Power-and-Sample-Size-Calculation >. Accessed at 6th January 2014. Parahoo K. (2006) Nursing research : principles, process and issues 2 nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Pryor J.A. (2009).Physiotherapy for airway clearance in adults (pdf). Available at: http://www.ersj.org.uk/content/14/6/1418.full.pdf >Accessed at: 3rd January 2014. Sackett D., Straus S., Richardson S., Rosenberg W., Haynes B (2000). Evidence-Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM. London : BMJ Publishing Group. Schulz KF. Assessing allocation concealment and blinding in randomised controlled trials: why bother? Evid Based Nurs 2000;5:36–7. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, et al. Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA 1995;273:408–12. Schechter M S.(2007) Airway Clearance Applications in Infants and Children (pdf). Available at: http://www.assobrafir.com.br/imagens_up/artigos/Airway_Clearance_Applications_in_Infants_and_Children.pdf> Accessed at 27th December 2013. Walsh B.K, Hood K, Merritt G. (2011). Paediatric airway maintenance and clearance in the acute care setting: how to stay out of trouble (online). Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21944689>. Accessed at 6th January 2014. West M.D (2008). Use of the Chi-Square Statistic (pdf) .Available at: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/fundepiii/PDFs/Lecture17.pdf> Accessed at 6th January 2014.

American Citizenship and Immigration Essay -- Immigration Citizenship

Today the Society is split into three separately minded groups. In no specific ordering, the first is determined to believe that any one person born in the United States is a citizen and which means their parents should become citizens along with them. These are the ones whom obtain â€Å"birthright citizenship† (Raul). The second are firm believers in the only ones that should be citizens are the ones who go through the proper process of becoming a citizen and according to the article in â€Å"USA today,† it states that illegal immigrants are â€Å"having babies as a way to obtain citizenship,† which too many Americans â€Å"cheapens the whole idea of being American†. The last group is the â€Å"other† the ones whom are completely neutral or believe in the beliefs of the first or second group but not down to the word. Possible if they believe the child should get birthrights but not the parents, only the child and mother should get them, or if the y believe that they should get them but still have to work through the proper process to receive them to their full extent. The effects that â€Å"anchor babies† have on society are characterized by how it has changed, how it is misinterpreted, what it takes away from the citizens today, how the supreme court is responding to the effect, and how we as United State citizens can change the outcome of the effect. â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States† is part of section one of â€Å"the 14th Amendment†(Walpin). The amendment was adopted in the United States in eighteen sixty-eight. When this was first adopted, according to the fourteenth amendment website, it was done so during â€Å"Post-Civil War reforms focused on injustices to Africa... ..."The Debate Over 'Anchor Babies' And Citizenship." Talk of the Nation (NPR) (n.d.): Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . Raul, Reyes. "Not very American: 'Illegal by birth'." USA Today n.d.: Middle Search Plus. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . Walpin, Gerald. SPECIAL TO THE WASHINTON TIMES. â€Å"14th Amendment neer meant for illegals.† Washington Times, The (DC) (2010): 1. Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web 10 Nov. 2010. THE WASHINGTON, TIMES. "Anchor babies away." Washington Times, The (DC) (2010): 2. Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=4KB5201008160421 04610016&site=src-live&scope=site.

Business: Management and Entire Selection Process

Evaluate the entire selection process for the position. Judge whether mistakes were made and discuss what could have been done differently. When I start evaluating the entire selection process, I have to start with the assessment process. The first thing that catches my attention is the fact that three of the four interviewers are men. As a woman interviewing for a job, I would be a little intimated being questioned by three men and one female. I would feel more comfortable being interviewed by a panel that was made up of two men and two women. I also think that the interview panel should have been set up to objectively view the candidate’s best and worst qualities for the position. Also, during the assessment process, I noticed that the only questions that made her feel uncomfortable were the questions that came from the men. I can see why she was feeling uncomfortable; it seemed to me like they were trying to bully her into reconsidering continuing the interview process. I think that some of the line of questioning was a little apprehensive. If I was her, I would probably feel the same way that she does. In the role playing exercise, I believe that she was set up to fail. I think that they totally sabotaged this part of the interview. George Montgomery did not have any confidence in her and he wanted to prove that she did not have what it takes to be a successful manager. He knew that if he did not cooperate with her, she would not be able to demonstrate her leadership, managerial, decision making or disciplinary skills. I do not think that it was professional for him to portray such an unrealistic character. I think that he wanted to show that she was weak and did not have what it took to be a successful manager. I think that they-the men-already knew who they wanted to hire before Jane’s interview. I am sure that was a very humiliating and â€Å"To Be Or Not To Be Promoted? †3 dehumanizing experience for her. The worst part of it was the fact that she still has to face the people on the interview committee day in and day out. Compare and contrast Joe’s, Jane’s, and Matt’s candidacy based on what you know about them. If you were the hiring manager and the final decision were yours to make, whom would you hire? Provide a persuasive rationale for your choice. Due to the fact that no information was given about Joe or Matt’s candidacy, I do not see how a competent answer can be provided for this question. The only information that was provided was about Jane. I am not able to provide a rationale decision about who I feel is most qualified to assume the role of Marketing Director, due to the fact that I do not know how any of their interviewers went. But if I had to make an assumption about who I would hire, I would hire Jane. I think that she handled herself very well under pressure despite the demanding line of questioning that some of the members of the members of the senior staff asked. I would also hire Jane because she has already proven that she is an effective leader in the organization.Business Management Study Guide She has worked her way up in the ranks and has tackled some pretty tough assignments. She is a dedicated employee and would be a great role model and leader for the organization. If you were advising each of the three final candidates for the position before the interview and before the offer was made to Joe, explain what you would advise each of them to do. Speculate about what you would say to each of them after the offer was made to Joe. I would advise each of them to practice their interview. Since they all work for the company, they should all have an idea of what the interview process should consist of. I would â€Å"To Be Or Not To Be Promoted? †4 also tell them to review the job description and make sure that they fully understand the requirements and qualifications. I would advise each of them to go in and be confident and do their best. Staying calm and composed is always good pre interview advice. Also by staying calm in a tense situation will show the panel that you can handle those types of environments. I would also tell them to show what they know about the position and convince the panel that they are the best person in the job. One of the most important things is to be on time for your interview and always dress for success. Be prepared and showcase your confidence. Even though this is an in house interview, I would also encourage each one of the potential candidates to follow up after the interview. Once the offer was made, I would reassure each of them that they did a great job during the interview and not to get discouraged because they were not chosen. I would advise them to offer assistance to Joe as he transitions to his new role and offer him a helping hand. I would advise against trying to find out why they are not selected for the position, due to the fact they do not want to hinder being selected for any other positions that may come available in the near future. Based on what you know about George Montgomery, assess his management style and describe what bearing it may have had on his selection of Joe. Based on what I know about George Montgomery, he kind of comes across as a prick. I see him as being this old guy who was introduced in the business world when it was predominately dominated by men. I do not think that he has any respect for women. I do not think that he feels like a woman deserves to be in a senior management level position. Joe may â€Å"To Be Or Not To Be Promoted? †5 be a lot like him which could have had some influence on the decision to hire him. I am sure that since they work together and have had many conversations about male and female roles in business. I am sure that there has been some office talk about expectations of the new project manager. I do not think that if all three of the candidates were from outside of the organization, the playing field would have been leveled out some. If you were Joe, the selected candidate, propose what you would do to ease any ill feelings with Jane and Matt. If I was Joe, I would offer a helping hand to Jane and Matt. I would try to help them out as much as possible and even recruit them to help me on special assignments. I do not think that it would be wise for Joe to rub the new position in their faces or make them feel interior to me because I was chosen for the job. I may even set some time aside to chit chat with them just to make sure that there are no ill feelings.

Marketing Management, Eleventh Edition

Visual Consistency was the main feature of Crispin’s advertising campaign. They gave full focus to the support background. In both their advertising campaigns they promoted the chicken costume and the Coq Roq Band rather than starting the ad with it and ending with advertising the Tender Crisp chicken and chicken fries. This made the promotion not too commercial and â€Å"uncool† as believed by the young generation.Crispin did not keep the campaign duration very long. They concentrated on creating a surprising, short yet captive campaign as found in www. subservientchicken. com where the last icon was the only indication of BK’s promotion. They even went on promoting the created Coq Roq Band before airing their ads on MTV and VH-1. The tagline identified by Crispin was â€Å"Have it your way. † This tagline was used for all the promotional activities developed for Burger King.This simple but sticky tagline helped in word-of mouth publicity which is conside red to be more convincing and effective. Burger King was consistently positioned as the youth’s eating style. The Brand positioning was such that the young people could identify Burger King with themselves. It was positioned as food (fast food) meant for young men. Simplicity was the central theme of BK as they shied away from being too commercial. The promotion included in-store signage to message on cups with the tagline â€Å"Have it your way.† This helped in better retention and understanding of the message by its target audience. Identifiable Selling Point of Burger King is its customized burger service to customers. This is its unique selling point (USP). This means giving a sense of importance and uniqueness to customers as they feel well served. This gives an edge to Burger King over its competitors. Works Cited Page Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, Eleventh Edition, Pearson Education Publishers, Delhi, 2003

Eozostrodon - Facts and Figures

Eozostrodon - Facts and Figures Name: Eozostrodon (Greek for early girdle tooth); pronounced EE-oh-ZO-struh-don Habitat: Woodlands of Western Europe Historical Period: Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (210-190 million years ago) Size and Weight: About five inches long and a few ounces Diet: Insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, sleek body; short legs    About Eozostrodon If Eozostrodon was a true Mesozoic mammaland thats still a matter of some debatethen it was one of the earliest to have evolved from the therapsids (mammal-like reptiles) of the earlier Triassic period. This tiny beast was distinguished by its complex, three-cusped molars, its relatively large eyes (which indicate that it may have hunted at night) and its weasel-like body; like all early mammals, it probably lived high up in trees, so as not to get squashed by the larger dinosaurs of its European habitat. Its still unclear whether Eozostrodon laid eggs and suckled its young when they hatched, like a modern platypus, or gave birth to live babies.

PCI, Case Study, Mia Case Study Essays

PCI, Case Study, Mia Case Study Essays PCI, Case Study, Mia Case Study Paper PCI, Case Study, Mia Case Study Paper INTRODUCTION The issue started on February 2008 when the new appointed Managing Director of PCI Sdn Bhd, En Ghani reviewed 2007 Financial Report and found out there were recent increases in costs of goods sold and inventories. The rate of increase in costs of goods sold had been disproportionate with growth of sales. En Ghani was informed that one of the reasons for the increase in cost was because of the current purchasing system that contributes to redundant purchasing and high inventory holding costs. Siti Aminah, the Chief of Financial Officer was asked to review the current purchasing system and suggested the need to implement a new computerized purchasing system that would help relieve some of its manual operations and at the same time would ensure it has the proper controls in place. En Ghani requested a formal report on current purchasing system and suggestion for a new system before the next management meeting which would be in two weeks time. En Ghani assigned Siti Aminah on the special task instead of the senior Chief Production Officer and she did not have any experience in system and technology. The new system must be able to reduce costs, enhance control and provide easy management of users and services in qualitative and quantitative ways. CHARACTERS En Ghani : as the new appointed Managing Director of Penda Cable Industry Berhad, who reviewed past year Financial Report and asked for formal report from Siti Aminah. Siti Aminah : the Chief of Financial Officer that being asked to make formal report instead of the Senior Chief of Financial Officer. CURRENT PURCHASING SYSTEM IN PCI Purpose : to ensure the purchase of raw material (exclude external Aluminium cable scap) that was required for the manufacturing of cable, conductors and associated products. 1) Monthly Raw Material Summary Cik Lim General Manager of Material Resources and Planning En Razi Assistant Purchasing Manager (MRMS) Review 1st week of Forecasted Monthly Every month Material Requirement En Sam General Manager Purchasing (MMR)MRMS Planning Section En Razi 2) Cik Anne Purchasing Clerk RM100 000 En Ghani Filing En Min Raw Material Storekeeper RM 100 000 Cik Lim PURCHASE ORDER COCORDER CONFIRMATION CompetitiveNot En Sam En Razi Vendors Competitive Quotation Quotation 3) Suppliers Invoices Cik Lim Cik Anne Coded, Batched and Checked Invoices Delivery Store Received a) Verification Order Notes b) Account Payable Reference No. En Min c) Update Account Payable list in Assistant Finance Manager the computer. 4) Enclosed with the return receipt of cheque / TT for notification of payment DO,COC Vendors MaterialRAW MATERIAL STORE RMRR VCAR Financial Department (for payment) InvoicePURCHASING SECTIONShipping Document Shipping PCI BANK Document VOUCHER Voucher Approved Delivery Order RMS 2 Form Purchasing Clerk En Min Assistant Finance Manager Signed QUANTITATIVE DECISION | 2006| 2007| GROSS PROFIT MARGIN(Gross Profit/Revenue)| (12086851/176877312) = 0. 07| (48053370/298146915) =0. 16| OPERATING PROFIT MARGIN(Operating Profit/Revenue)| (6386819)/176877312 =(0. 03)| 35657392/298146915 =0. 12| INVENTORY TURNOVER(COGS/Inventories)| (164,790,461)/27434751=(6) | (250,093,545)/45,575,893=(5. 48)| AVERAGE COLLECTION PERIOD(Debtors/(Revenue/360))| 15,506,128/(176,877,312/360) =31. days| 8,453,275/(298,146,915/360) =10 days| Gross Profit Margin When the company shows the higher GPM, it indicates that the company is better in controlling their cost of sales. PCI gross profit margin in 2007 is higher than 2006. It means that the company can manage their cost of sales. For becoming years they need to make an agreement with their suppliers to prevent raw material price increase. Operating Profit Margin When the company shows higher operating profit margin ratio, it indicates that the company is profitable. Based on the calculation, PCI current year shows an improvement from the previous year. For becoming years, operating expenses in terms of administrative and selling expenses need to be avoided from getting increase to maintain the profit. Average Collection Period (Debtor) The shorter the period to collect payment from debtors, the more efficient the company is in handling their debtors. CONCLUSION As for conclusion, Siti Aminah can suggest only to maintain their old system instead of new purchasing system. This is because, the current situation did not incurred too much damage to the company, the company still can sustain even though they have to buy the raw materials in higher price. PCI is not the only company that have problem in purchasing their raw materials but all the purchasing departments across the industry experienced similar dilemma. Their main dilemma included establishing and maintaining profitable supplier relationships, confronting the problem of price increases and ensuring supply quantity. What they need actually do is to pressure suppliers to keep prices low when the cost of raw materials decreases. They can better do this by keeping their own tabs on the raw materials market.

Cómo y qué estudiar en Estados Unidos

Cà ³mo y quà © estudiar en Estados Unidos Estudiar en Estados Unidos es el sueà ±o de millones de estudiantes en todo el mundo. Y para cientos de miles es posible estudiar inglà ©s, un curso de high school (visas J-1 de intercambio son muy frecuentes) o, incluso la carrera universitaria (visa F-1) o un posgrado. Por quà © estudiar en Estados Unidos Las ventajas de estudiar en Estados Unidos son variadas y van desde vivir la experiencia americana y obtener un buen conocimiento del idioma inglà ©s,  obtener un tà ­tulo universitario americano que puede abrir puertas laborales, disfrutar  un OPT  para trabajar  al acabar los estudios universitarios o, incluso, a conseguir una visa de trabajo. En concreto, se reserva un nà ºmero de visas H-1B para las personas con un mà ­nimo de estudios universitarios en USA. Cà ³mo pagar por los estudios Las universidades americanas son caras, pero hay una gran diferencia de precios.  Y entre las pà ºblicas, que son en general ms baratas, tambià ©n hay diferencia segà ºn el lugar de residencia habitual del estudiante: dentro del estado o en otro estado o en el extranjero. Habitualmente se recurre a los ahorros, a pedir crà ©ditos y a becas (y a trabajar, si es que legalmente se puede hacer). Adems, para los estudiantes que destacan en deporte es posible entrenar y competir a gran nivel e, incluso, estudiar con becas deportivas parciales o totales. Y por supuesto tambià ©n es posible obtener becas por mà ©rito, muchas estn abiertas a estudiantes internacionales y tambià ©n a inmigrantes indocumentados. Cada universidad decide cà ³mo beca y, por esta razà ³n, no es frecuente encontrar a dos estudiantes que pagan exactamente lo mismo. Estas son 13 universidades de à ©lite que siguen la polà ­tica de need-blind y becan totalmente, o casi, a los alumnos admitidos (ciudadanos, residentes, internacionales e indocumentados con y sin DACA). Tambià ©n conviene explorar tambià ©n las universidades pà ºblicas que parten, adems, de una matrà ­cula ms asequible. Tambià ©n hay que tener presente que hay becas otorgadas por instituciones pà ºblicas o privadas que nada tienen que ver con las universidades en las que se estudia. Lo que importa es cumplir con los requisitos de la beca. Aquà ­ se puede ver un ejemplo de 25 becas abiertas a todo tipo de estudiantes, incluidos los internacionales. Quà © se necesita para solicitar a una universidad americana El proceso para presentar una aplicacià ³n completa es largo y complejo. Es muy importante reconocer que preparar todo el paquete puede llevar muchos meses y es fundamental presentar una aplicacià ³n de calidad. Visas para estudiar en Estados Unidos Hay dos posibilidades, las F-1 y las M-1 para asuntos vocacionales. Adems, los estudiantes universitarios extranjeros que deseen pasar el verano en Estados Unidos en un programa de intercambio que permite trabajar y viajar o para estudiar high school pueden obtener una J-1. Para las visas F-1 y M-1 que primero aplicar a la escuela o universidad a la que se quiere ir y ellas son las que inician el proceso mediante la entrega de un documento conocido como I-20. Sà ³lo entonces se puede seguir la tramitacià ³n de la visa solicitando la visa por internet y luego presentndose a la entrevista en la oficina consular que corresponda al lugar de residencia del solicitante. Tambià ©n hay que tener en consideracià ³n las visas J-1 de intercambio, que comprende programas muy distintos y algunos permiten estudiar en high school o en universidad. Incluso existe un programa para mà ©dicos para realizar la residencia en Estados Unidos y asà ­ especializarse.   A tener en cuenta antes de decidir estudiar en Estados Unidos Los estudiantes pre universitarios pueden realizar cursos acadà ©micos en escuelas pà ºblicas o privadas. Los precios del aà ±o acadà ©mico varà ­an enormemente segà ºn el tipo de escuela. Para estudiar inglà ©s existen literalmente cientos de academias. Pero para obtener una visa a travà ©s de la escuela es necesario que à ©sta està © autorizada por las autoridades migratorias de EEUU para emitir un I-20, si no lo estn, no aplicar. Es comà ºn que los estudiantes de inglà ©s por menos de tres meses de un paà ­s acogido al Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas entren a EEUU como turistas y despuà ©s cursen sus estudios en la academia elegida. Es una prctica muy frecuente pero, ley en mano, es ilegal. Deberà ­an aplicar, obtener un I-20 y, despuà ©s, solicitar la visa de estudiante en un consulado americano. Si se quiere estudiar una carrera universitaria en Estados Unidos, conviene  conocer y tomar los exmenes que pueden ser requeridos, como el TOEFL, cuya puntuacià ³n varà ­a para ser admitido dependiendo de la universidad, college, community college o escuela profesional. Y tambià ©n otros tests son  el SAT o el GRE, etc. Si se quiere estudiar una carrera universitaria conviene considerar las ventajas de estudiar en un Community College los dos primeros aà ±o. El costo es notablemente inferior (en esta base de datos puedes buscar cul es el precio en ms de 1,000 colegios comunitarios). Adems, es posible que se tenga que  convalidar todos los tà ­tulos y diplomas de los estudios realizados en el paà ­s de origen. De interà ©s Cursar estudios universitarios en Estados Unidos es muy caro, por lo que es muy recomendable analizar detalladamente la universidad en la que se desea estudiar. Si los estudios son de mala calidad quiz no merece la pena hacer el esfuerzo de pagar la matrà ­cula y dems gastos. Estas son las  10 mejores universidades para estudiar ingenierà ­a en Estados Unidos, ya que esta es una carrera con alta presencia de estudiantes extranjeros. Adems, para los mejores estudiantes quiz resulte una buena apuesta estudiar  en una  Ivy League en cualquiera de las universidades la conforman.   Si bien hay que tener claro que hay universidades pà ºblicas u otras privadas que tambià ©n son excelentes. Denegacià ³n de las visas y otros problemas Los consulados y las Embajadas americanas deniegan cada aà ±o aproximadamente una de cada cinco visas que se solicitan. Los visados que ms rechazos reciben son los de turista y los de estudiante. Las causas son muy variadas pero estn calificadas en dos categorà ­as: ser inelegible o ser inadmisible. Para recibir una visa americana, para renovarla e incluso para ser admitido a Estados Unidos al llegar al puesto de control migratorio las personas extranjeras tienen que ser elegibles para la visa y admisibles para USA. En caso contrario, habr problemas. Por otro lado, si se obtiene la visa, no se debe poner en riesgo por conductas que, a priori, pueden parecer no relevantes, pero que sà ­ lo son desde el punto de vista de las leyes migratorias. Por ejemplo, la posesià ³n para el consumo propio de marihuana puede ocasionar problemas graves. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Identification of the Probable Causes of ER Conflict Term Paper

Identification of the Probable Causes of ER Conflict - Term Paper Example Since the company has been operating for 15 years, it means the company has grown wide in the 15 years span. Much growth comes from opportunities to discover creative solutions to conflicts in organizations (Hannaway, 2003). Conflicts in organizations could come up for different reasons. However, conflict provides additional ways of thinking about their sources and opens up the possibility of improving a relationship. Some of the main causes of conflict in the organization include organizational change. In most organizations, there is tension between opposing forces for stability or to maintain the status quo and change. If the management of the organization wants to shift, more health care costs onto workers tension may arise. If the organization has to attain much stability, it may lose its competitive position in the market (Farnhan, 2002). With too much change, the mission blurs and the employees develop anxiety, which in turn causes employee relations conflict. The conflict coul d also be caused by ineffective communication. It is a significant cause of conflict, especially personal conflict. It occurs if messages do not pass through the required message filters. It is often evident in a work setting where different people work closely together. It is always a challenge to achieve an effective two-way communication; thus, always triggering conflict. Values and culture clashes are also a vital source of conflict that is evident in many organizations. These conflicts arise from the presence of different value priorities amongst the employees (Hannaway, 2003). Today’s diverse workforce reflects a kaleidoscope of cultures each with its own unique qualities. The individual’s bearers of these different cultural traditions could easily come into conflict with one another. Generational influences are the most powerful forces that shape values in the modern workforce.  

Hate crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hate crime - Essay Example The militia movement and the white supremacy are greatly linked as both believe the federal government has alienated them. In Expanding the Influence of Organized Hate, Levin &Â  Nolan explain how hate spread despite the statuses of the perpetrators (37). The hate spread form the Church to schools. With the use of the internet, it was possible to spread hate and influence many people towards embracing racist and anti-Semitic feelings (Levin &Â  Nolan 37). The internet transformed hate crimes as even the children with access to computers were able to access hate websites, a good example that of Matthew Hale’s organization (Levin &Â  Nolan 37). Upon logging to the internet lots of lonely racists in small and remote towns create a chain of friends with similar opinions (Levin &Â  Nolan 37). This explains why the hate websites have a strong influence on the youth of America. The same sentiments are shared by Citron and Altschiller who focus on the increase of the crimes thanks to the internet (37, 148). Cultural standards are not always the source of hate since hate can also emanate from within a person. This can be evidenced by the White Supremacists, the bigotry sympathizers and the spectators who also help perpetuate hate and violence through other means such as psychological support, that do not touch on culture (Levin &Â  Nolan

Nursing Staff Attitudes towards the Elderly Essay

Nursing Staff Attitudes towards the Elderly - Essay Example When older patients are perceived as being cantankerous and complaining by nurses, the consequence would most likely that the quality of care delivered and the recovery of patients is affected (Courtney, 2000).   Aging of the Australian population has occurred rapidly in recent years. The greatest increases in number have been indicated among the very old or those aged 80 years or over. The aged population from 65 and older has been predicted to reach 22% or 5 million by the year 2051, doubling that of 1991 or 11% at 1.9 million according to Clare (1994).   Likewise, it was said that gerontological nursing is still an unpopular specialty and nursing student's interest in pursuing it as a career decrease during their education (Slevin, 1991). The health-care system has been heavily influenced by social developments and ageist stereotypes, combined with increases in the aged population (Palmer, 1994). In as much as older people are perceived by policy makers and society in general as problems requiring considerable attention and resources (Palmer, 1994), it had also been indicated that increases in the Australian health-care costs have been attributed to the increases in the aged population. Nevertheless, Palmer (1994) found that these increases are more closely linked to social and political changes than a physiologically aging population. Accordingly, changes in the health-care system were influenced by the major political parties' social and economic policies, the need to contain hospital operating costs and the promotion of commun ity care for the chronically ill, disabled and frail aged (Courtney, 1997). But it has to be noted that many family members are no longer able to care for their older relatives due to social factors such as increases in divorce and participation of women in the workforce. This has dramatically decreased the availability of informal community support systems for future generations of older people upon which the government has relied heavily since the 1985 de-institutionalization of aged care to a hostel and home-based care (Gibson, 1998).   Nurse Attitude   Several studies have identified factors, such as an area of practice, age, gender and years in clinical practice, as affecting nurses' attitude strength (Lookinland, 1991). Soderhamn and colleagues found younger and male nurses possessing more negative attitudes in comparison with older and female nurses. Soderhamn's (2001) research also demonstrates that higher education, gerontology courses and more years of clinical experience were found to be associated with less negative attitudes. Another influence is the area of clinical practice influencing attitude strength (Soderhamn, 2001). Cited as the example was that nurses working in acute settings were found to use more negative stereotypical labeling to describe their older patients to student nurses than those working in elder-care settings (McLafferty, 2004).

Western Art and History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Western Art and History - Essay Example The lower ground floor houses the Greek sculptures, Egyptian mummies, Etruscan art as well as some artifacts dated from Ancient Rome. The upper ground floor holds a collection of ecclesiastical art from the Middle age, carved wooden ceilings, and some tapestries. Upon visiting the first floor, one would see a vast collection of paintings. Special exhibitions are usually displayed on the mezzanine. B. The artwork contained some elements that art critics have found interesting such as the very specific landscape and the water effects ( Kleiner, 2003) . Indeed, the water effects really showed the expertise of Witz in portraying images in plastic form using contrasting colors and strong shadows. The water seemed so real that accurately reflects the mirror images of the people on the boat as well as the piece of rock on the right side of the painting. The very stark colors in the background complement some of the subjects in the painting: Jesus Christ on the shore and Peter on the water. The vivid red robe of Christ stands out showing his magnificence as compared to the drab wardrobe of Peter struggling in the water. Another interesting feature of this painting is the fact that Witz used Lake Geneva as the setting of the incident instead of Lake Galilee. This resulted to Witz capturing the real background of Geneva during that time it was painted, as described by Hagen ( 2003 )â €  mountains can still be clearly identified: on the right, the Petit Saleve, in the middle the Mole Pointu, on the left the tops of the Voirons†. It can also be observed how Witz shows the position of Christ’s head against the mountain backdrop. The artwork is trying to emphasize Jesus as the figurehead of the church. In addition to that, landscape painting was not yet fully developed that time but the artwork shows how Witz gave justice to the piece. Aside from that

Article Report 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Report 2 - Article Example the individual is the only one who can be responsible for their future and that if someone gets their high school education, works full time, and waits until after they are 21, they are more likely to end up in the middle class. While I do not disagree with this assessment, I also believe that this formula only represent a small part of what it takes to end up in the middle class. The fact is that there are not enough jobs in the United States for the number of workers. Unemployment can only be increased by increasing opportunities, which means that government should be creating jobs. Government does create jobs by doing public builds, creating public services that require people to work in those departments, and through incentives to businesses targeting the increase in jobs. This means giving work to businesses so that they will need more employees. A company will only hire when there is a demand for products and there is a need for builders and creators to support building those p roducts. There are some people who do not want to work, but the majority would rather have meaning in their lives through jobs that provide them with more than just food and shelter. Increasing employment increases spending, which increases wealth on all levels. I do not think increasing the minimum wage is the answer, but I do not agree that private industry will create the answer to the lack of equality in wealth within the United States. The government needs to stop focusing on corporate bail outs and pandering to the corporations as ‘entities’. Providing jobs through government programs will help to solve the problems that the United States is experiencing through increasing the spending of middle and lower classes, raising their standards of living through income, and providing for a more expanded population with means that are higher than currently experienced. CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper, that it is written in my own words except

Preparation for Graduate Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Preparation for Graduate Employment - Essay Example I would like to work for a magnificent company such as yours in a responsible position, in which I will contribute through my professional, personal and inter-personal skills. My long term career goal is to move on to higher positions with greater responsibilities within investment banking possibly after having studied for an MBA in between. However, I prefer to remain with the same company as part of my career aspirations. Although transitioning from education to a professional environment can be quite challenging, I have gained significant experience in my various stints at several companies, which has provided me the necessary insight into the corporate world. having been performing successfully in every such challenging environment, I am confident of being able to bring in the same level of commitment and energy into my work in my future employment. I have travelled extensively and have interacted with people from over 50 nationalities. As such, I love to bond with diverse people and share ideas and thoughts with them. I believe that any profession that incorporated my educational skills and professional experience to the highest level would be my ideal job. Combining my knowledge in Finance with my experience in handling customer oriented responsibilities along with computer and administrative capabilities have helped me, my co workers and my company in attaining their objectives. It is also one of the predominant reasons for me to consider myself as a valuable addition to the team at Goldman

Article Report 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Report 2 - Article Example the individual is the only one who can be responsible for their future and that if someone gets their high school education, works full time, and waits until after they are 21, they are more likely to end up in the middle class. While I do not disagree with this assessment, I also believe that this formula only represent a small part of what it takes to end up in the middle class. The fact is that there are not enough jobs in the United States for the number of workers. Unemployment can only be increased by increasing opportunities, which means that government should be creating jobs. Government does create jobs by doing public builds, creating public services that require people to work in those departments, and through incentives to businesses targeting the increase in jobs. This means giving work to businesses so that they will need more employees. A company will only hire when there is a demand for products and there is a need for builders and creators to support building those p roducts. There are some people who do not want to work, but the majority would rather have meaning in their lives through jobs that provide them with more than just food and shelter. Increasing employment increases spending, which increases wealth on all levels. I do not think increasing the minimum wage is the answer, but I do not agree that private industry will create the answer to the lack of equality in wealth within the United States. The government needs to stop focusing on corporate bail outs and pandering to the corporations as ‘entities’. Providing jobs through government programs will help to solve the problems that the United States is experiencing through increasing the spending of middle and lower classes, raising their standards of living through income, and providing for a more expanded population with means that are higher than currently experienced. CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper, that it is written in my own words except

Bayfield Mud Analysis Essay Example for Free

Bayfield Mud Analysis Essay The Bayfield Mud Company has had some problems with their 50-pound bags of treating agents. They sent shipped some bags to Wet-Land Drilling, Inc. that were found to be short-weight by approximately 5%. Wet-Land first did their own study on how many bags were short and by how much. They randomly sampled 50 bags and found the average net weight to be 47.51 pounds. Wet-Land then contacted Bayfield Mud about the situation. Bayfield gave a 5% credit to Wet-Land for the mistakes. Wet-Land was not completely satisfied with the credit because the errors in the weight of the bags could have hurt their operations. Wet-Land informed Bayfield Mud that if something like this happened again, they would take their business elsewhere. Bayfields response to all this was to expand from a one-shift to a two-shift operation. Then, they had to expand to a three-shift operation. The additional night-shift bagging crew consisted of all new employees. The most emphasis was placed on increasing output. It was very likely that only occasionally were bags double checked on their weight. This is where the statistical control has come into place. The problems that Bayfield Mud faces include the possibility of losing a customer in Wet-Land, Inc. Another problem is putting out a product that is not acceptable. This problem could lead to more than just the loss of one customer, but perhaps an even greater amount. Based on the information given in the following charts and numbers, especially the control chart, it is obvious that the bag problem is out of control. Out of the 72 times that samples were taken, 14 were out of control. That is unacceptable for a company who intends on satisfying the customer and maintaining business. Something must be done in this company to correct the problem that has arisen. Some recommendations that I have would be to focus more on the quality rather than the quantity. The managers are so intent on getting the most products, that they are willing to sacrifice the quality. It may be time to have a meeting with all managers to reemphasize that the focus should be on the quality. If the people in the upper positions do not care about the product,  only that they produce a lot of it, then it may be time to think about hiring some employees in those positions that will focus on quality. A recommendation that is not as severe would be to take the time to weigh more, if not every, bag. The company needs to ensure that the bag really does weigh 50 pounds. If they are going to offer a 50 pound product, then make it 50 pounds. It seems that the times that most of the bags are less than 50 pounds are around the nighttime shifts. Also, the times that it seems more bags are over 50 pounds are during the daytime shifts. They need to develop a system to ensure the accuracy of weighing the bags. Whatever they would implement would have to increase quality, while not hurting the output numbers. There is a large demand for their product, so they must be able to meet the demand. Bayfield Mud Company has a lot of improving to do. After looking at the charts and numbers on the following pages it is obvious that something needs to be done. For the samples to be that out of control is very unacceptable. Perhaps Bayfield needs to change their strategy or even do an entire makeover of their management team. Obviously something needs to be done to ensure the success of Bayfield Mud Company.

Effect of Temperature on Membrane Permeability Beetroot

Effect of Temperature on Membrane Permeability Beetroot In this investigation I shall find out the relationship between the amounts of leakage of beetroot pigment into water under various range of temperatures. Furthermore, I will also investigate if there is a correlation between absorbency and temperature. Hypothesis Since the temperatures are high, it is possible that the phospholipids in the cell membrane will move faster. This will inevitably result in the membrane becoming for permeable. Therefore, I predict that, there will be a positive relationship between permeability and temperature. I also predict that there will be a positive correlation between the two variables, which means as the temperature increases the absorbency will inevitably increase. Null Hypothesis There will be no relationship between the rise in temperature and the amount of beetroot pigment leaking into the water. To give me a visual perception of my obtained results compared to that of the two other groups, I will represent the results in a form of a scatter diagram/graph. I will use the Spearman Rank Statistical test to carry out a statistical analysis of my results. This will allow me to establish a significant relationship between the two sets of data, which are the temperature and the absorbency. To work out the significant relationship I will be using the following formula: Rц¢ = 1 6 ∑D ² N = no. of pairs of measurements that I have, which is 7. n (n ² 1) Rц¢ = 1 6 x 2 n (n ² 1) Rц¢ = 1 6 x 2 7 (7 ² 1) Rц¢ = 1 12 336 Rц¢ = 0.96 I have been provided with a table, which indicates that for every n value there is a critical value. For 7 pairs of measurements the critical value is 0.79. If Rц¢ is greater than or equal to the critical value indicated in the table, than there is a significant relationship between my sets of data. Rs = 0.96 > 0.79. This indicates that there is a correlation between temperature and the absorbency. I also know that I have a positive correlation, as 0.96 is a positive value. I also need to work carry out a Spearmans rank test using my average value of absorbency, which includes my own set of results as well as the two other pooled results. Rs from my average value of absorbency is identical to the previous Rs. This clearly means that I have successfully managed to support the fact that there is a positive correlation between absorbency and temperature. Therefore, I can discard my Null Hypothesis, which states otherwise. The first graph, which is a scatter diagram of pool results, displays my results alongside with two other students. By carefully comparing the graph I have noticed that all the results indicate the same pattern of a positive correlation. However, I have noticed that one set of results had produced an anomalies result. Therefore, I intend to discuss possible limitation and problems, which may have caused this. The graph as well as the statistical analysis both indicates that my prediction was correct, and as a result of this I can discard my null hypothesis. Scientific Knowledge In the cells of a beetroot plant, substances called anthocyanin, which are common plant pigments, is contained within the plasma membrane. This substance is a glycosides that is water-soluble with some of the sugar groups removed. The red/purple color of the organism is produced from the anthocyanin, which in turn contains a positive charge distributed over the chemical ring system. A damaged beetroot cell with a broken membrane would initiate the anthocyanin bleeding out of the cell like a dye. This aspect could be used to test the conditions that affect the integrity of the cell membrane. The cell membrane in a beetroot plant is made up of a phospholipids bi-layer, which forms a fluid mosaic structure. If the temperature were increased the cell membrane would gain high kinetic energy and vibrate vigorously, causing the phospholipids bi-layer to break, which in turn would increase the size of the pores. As a result, when the temperature continues to raise the plasma membrane of the beetroot cell will rupture. This due to the fact that the phospholipids bi-layer, which forms the cell membrane, is made of proteins, and as the kinetic theory states; with increased temperature molecules in the protein will receive high energy and vibrate vigorously. For that reason, above the optimum temperature, the bonds holding the protein structure together will be broken, thus the proteins are denatured. This means at higher temperatures more of the pigment or anthocyanin would leak out, in turn increasing the rate of diffusion. As a result I have decided to find out the temperature v ariable and use the colour change, caused by the anthocyanin as the independent variable. The results, which I received, seem to support this fact, in that as the temperature increased the percentage transmission of light read by the colorimeter decreased. Evaluation of Evidence The graph produced from my results seem to illustrate the same trend as the two pooled results, which is that there is a direct proportionality between the increase in temperature and the absorbance. This indicates that my results were somewhat reliable. Throughout the experiment I used a syringe for measuring volume, which consequently would have increased precision, as this assured the measurements used were to the nearest millimetre. Moreover, I also used a stopwatch, which ensured that the time in which I allowed each set of beetroot discs to be heated in water was kept constant. I also used the same cork borer to cut out each beetroot cylinder, which indicates that all the beetroot cylinder should have been more or less identical to each other.

Exemplification Essay: Separation of Church and State -- Expository Ex

   Because of my strong beliefs, I have been called the Antichrist, a witch, an atheist, and a Satanist. Fervent Christians have told me that my â€Å"kind† is solely responsible for the downfall of American morals.    Actually, none of these labels fits me. I am not a witch because the only modern religion to practice witchcraft is Wicca (American Heritage 1381), and I am not a Wiccan. I am not a Satanist because modern Satanists do not believe in Satan as an actual entity; instead, they follow a "religion of the self," as the founder of the Church of Satan, Anton LaVey, put it. (LaVey 1) Satanists also belong to an organization such as the Church of Satan or the Temple of Set, and I do not belong to any such organization. I do not call myself an atheist because atheists tend to not have well-developed ethical systems. I am a secular humanist. This means that I have no belief in supernatural beings or forces (gods or goddesses, angels, demons, leprechauns, etc.); that rational thought is more important to me than blind faith; and that I value freedom of expression, belief, and inquiry.    Now, because I value freedom of belief, it doesn't bother me that people think these things about me. If they want to believe that I fly through the air on a broomstick to a Satan-worshipping orgy, that's their misunderstanding. If they want to think my life is more exciting than it really is, they're welcome. What bothers me is the way that religious bigotry extends to the highest levels of government. George Bush was quoted as saying, "I don't know that atheists should be considered as citizens, nor should they be considered patriots. This is one nation under God." ("Quotes" 5) The problem is that the first amendment states that "C... ... of the majority, the minority endures oppression. The quality of government suffers when it has been mixed too much with religion, and the quality of religious motives suffer when they have been polluted by political motives.    Let's move to a true separation of church and state.    Works Cited American Heritage Dictionary, 2nd. College Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1982. "Blue Laws." Barron's Concise Student's Encyclopedia. 1993 ed. LaVey, Anton. "The World's Most Feared Religion." Cloven Hoof, Issue 127. Scott (Last name unknown). "Quotes." 6 pp. Online. Internet. 13 Jan. 1997. Available http://www.paranoia.com/~wcs/quotes.htm Worbois, Dean. "Founding Faiths." 3 pp. Online. Internet. 13 Jan. 1997. Available http://www.postfun.com/worbois.html [Note: this document has been moved here --webmaster, 11/25/97]   

Free Great Gatsby Essays: A Very Insecure Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Very Insecure Great Gatsby  Ã‚   In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby many characters are not as they seem.   The one character that intrigues me the most is James Gatsby.   In the story Gatsby is always thought of as rich, confident, and very popular.   However, when I paint a picture of him in my mind I see someone very different.   In fact, I see the opposite of what everyone portrays him to be.   I see someone who has very little confidence and who tries to fit in the best he can.   There are several scenes in which this observation is very obvious to me.   It is clear that Gatsby is not the man that everyone claims he is.    One scene that clearly shows the true Gatsby is when he meets Daisy at Nicks house.   He is very nervous and wants everything to be perfect for Daisy.   To me that shows he is really hung up on what other people think.   He wants to impress them the best he can.   Obviously Gatsby has little confidence and feels he needs to overwhelm people with appearance opposed to his personality. When Gatsby and Nick go out on the town Gatsby took his yellow Rolls Royce, which is a magnificent car.   Gatsby wanted to impress Nick and everyone else in town with his awesome car.   Once again this shows how Gatsby uses objects to get attention and not his personality. The scene that displays Gatsby’s  low confidence the most is when he has his elaborate parties with all of the fancy decorations and incredible food.   So many people come to his parties and the whole time he is never present.   He never comes down to greet anyone or welcome them.   He never comes down to check on his guests to see how things are going and if they are having a good time.   Gatsby always spends time in a room by himself watching everyone.   He waits, hoping Daisy will appear. Gatsby is built up to be a big man.   He is thought of as extremely wealthy and good looking with lots of confidence.

Women in Advertisements

WOMEN IN ADVERTISEMENTS In modern societies, women and men have equal rights to law in most areas such as education and employment. Howewer, there is an unuequality as gender between male and female. Because social gender is related with power and patriarchy, a dominance of man over woman, has to do power relations. Therefore, holder of power is men and women are regarded as opressed and sex object. A social unequality between men and women is being used women and female figures in advertisements mostly.There are severeal reasons why woman or female figures are used in advertisements The fist reason to this is visuality. Visuality is important because it is the most effective way to appeal to the senses in advertisements and for this, women are used mostly. These advertisements involve beaty of women, sexuality, their body and they show that women are sex object. In addition, having a beautiful and well groomed body is important for women in advertisements. Advertisements give messag es that women improve themselves and they look beautiful and thin. Therefore, all woman want to live same life, to wear and eat same things.For example, in Doritos advertisement, Megan Fox is used and it shows that if woman is beautiful and sexy, she deserve to draw applause. Therefore, these advertisements reinforce the idea that womens are sex object. The second reason that women give informations about gender roles in advertisements. In these advertisements, women are regarded as housewife and role of women is to serve children and husband, to cook and clean. Therefore, these advertisements reinforce social gender role. In addition they have functionalist perspective because women concentrate on domestic and family responsibilities while men work outside the home.For example, ACE is a bleach advertisement and it shows that womens are a symbol of cleaning and housework. Also, in Istikbal advertisement, although woman coming from work is tired , she serves to her husband. Another p oint is that sound of authority belongs to men in advertisements because men manipulate women mostly. For example, in Kolsa, carpet detergent, advertisement, man talk with woman and help her the cleaning and it shows that men dominate over women. In conclusion, women are shown by their body or housework in advertisements.

The Monetarist Theory: Milton Friedman

Economic theories explore the relationships linking changes in the money supply to changes in economic activity and prices. With a mixture of theoretical ideas, philosophical beliefs, and policy prescriptions, these theories can help elaborate on both historic and current financial situations. For instance, the general understanding of the monetarist theory, founded by economist Milton Friedman, focuses on macroeconomic activities that examine the impact of changes in the money supply and central banking.This economic school of thought theoretically challenges Keynesian economics (OnlineTexts) to contend that variations in the money supply are the most significant determinants of the rate of economic growth, the behavior of the business cycle, the national output in the short run, and the price level over longer periods of time (Investopedia). Through the developments from other theories, more laissez-faire government approaches, and the use of the quantity theory of money, monetaris m has dramatically impacted and helped explain changes in monetary policy and the banking system for nearly one hundred years.To fully grasp this economic theory, the history behind it and what influenced its existence must be understood. Following the Great Depression, Keynesian economics mainly dominated the United States as well as countries globally. This economic theory focused on total spending in the economy and its effects on output and inflation (Blinder). Keynesians traditionally saw fiscal policy as the key tool for economic management, believed monetary policy should simply be used as a backup, and believed that the government’s role was to maintain the economy at full employment (Biz/Ed).This theory also emphasized interest rates as a target of monetary policy, raising rates to slow down the economy and reducing rates to speed things up (Allen 283). Although these views were the main focus for some time, many economists saw that the theory was leaving most of our economic problems unexplained. As Keynesian economics seemed unable to explain or cure the seemingly contradictory problems of rising unemployment and inflation (Allen 284) economits like Milton Friedman began making different, more accurate observations.Monetarism’s rise to intellectual prominence began with writings on basic monetary theory by Friedman and other economists during the 1950s (McCallum). These proposals were influential because of their devotion to fundamental neoclassical principles, particularly Friedman’s presidential address to the American Economic Association in 1967, published in 1968 as â€Å"The Role of Monetary Policy. † In this paper Friedman developed the natural-rate hypothesis and used it as a pillar in the argument for less government intervention and a constant-growth-rate rule for monetary policy (McCallum).From this point the monetarist theory drew its roots from two almost entirely opposing ideas, the hard money policies that dominated monetary thinking in the late 19th century, and the theories of Keynesian economics (Wikipedia). While Keynes had focused on total spending and the value stability of currency which resulted with problems based on an insufficient money supply, Friedman centered on price stability acting as the equilibrium between supply and demand for money (Wikipedia).Friedman and other monetarists began challenging Keynesian ideas and strongly started to suggest that â€Å"money does not matter† (Wikipedia). Monetarist’s goals involved seeking to explain present problems while also striving to interpret historical ones. Since monetarists strongly believe that the money supply is the primary determinant of nominal GDP in the short run and of the price level in the long run, they stress that the control of the money supply should not be left to the discretion of central bankers and that the focus should shift to a more laissez-faire approach for the banking system (OnlineText s).Monetarists do not believe that the government should intervene in economic and monetary decisions by trying to manage the level of aggregate demand or total spending (Biz/Ed). Friedman explains that if we are experiencing government deficits and must make a monetary decision, then the deficits should be financed by increasing the money supply instead of affecting aggregate demand, and vice versa for budget surpluses.Monetarists argue that interventionist policy regarding managing total spending will be destabilizing in the long run and should therefore be avoided. By trusting free markets rather than large governments, monetarists quickly and simultaneously agreed that government intervention will destabilize the economy more than it will help, since intervention typically interferes in the workings of free markets and can lead to bloated bureaucracies, unnecessary social programs, and large deficits (OnlineTexts).Markets will benefit by working on their own since market forces will cause inflation, unemployment and production to adjust themselves automatically and efficiently around a fixed amount of money (Milton Friedman and Monetarism). A key problem with discretionary demand management policies is the time lags, which monetarists believe make fiscal policy too difficult to use to manage the economy effectively (Biz/Ed). The best thing therefore, is to take a long-run view of price stability and use monetary policy to achieve this.Monetarists always say that where fiscal policy could be beneficial, monetary policy would do the job better. Government attempts to influence GDP and other economic measures through fiscal policy are at best ineffectual, mainly because expansionary fiscal policy only causes inflation (Monetarist Theory of Inflation). The monetarist theory believes that the Fed should not have discretion but rather be bound to fixed rules in conducting monetary policy.For example, monetarists prefer the money growth rule which states that the Fed should be required to target the growth rate of money so that it equals the growth rate of real GDP, leaving the price level unchanged (OnlineTexts). The relationship between inflation and money growth is virtually a one-to-one relationship, so if the economy is expected to grow at a certain percent in a given year, the Fed should allow the money supply to increase by the same percent. By following this rule there will be a tight control of money and credit allowing the economy to maintain price stability (Riley).Monetarist’s stress incorrect central bank policy is often the root of large fluctuations in inflation and price stability, showing that the key to success is to ensure that monetary policy is credible so that people’s expectations of inflation are controlled (Riley). Friedman states within his academic paper, â€Å"The Role of Monetary Policy† that â€Å"monetary authorities should guide themselves by magnitudes that they can control, not by ones that they cannot† (Friedman 14), which is why the quantity theory of money and other monetarist concepts are of huge importance and assistance.The quantity theory of money is a basic theoretical explanation for the link between money and the general price level. This theory helps describe how by controlling the growth of the money supply and leaving interest rates unchanged; the Fed can better control inflation and foster stable economic growth (Riley). This identity relates total aggregate demand to the total value of output, and holds that changes in nominal prices reflect changes in the money supply and the velocity of money (Monetarism). Monetarists assume that the velocity of money within the economy, or rather the average number of times a dollar is used to purchase final good or service is assumed constant or changes at a predictable rate (Wikipedia). The value of real output (GDP), or the total volume of production of goods and services, is not influenced by monetary variables (Riley) allowing monetarists to also treat GDP as a constant. Looking at the quantity of money theory equation, M*V = P*Y, where M is the rate of growth in the money supply, V is the velocity of money, P is the overall price level, and Y is the total output or GDP, one can determine that with V and Y as constants, changes in the rate of money supply will equal changes in the price level (Riley).By using this equation and theory, economists can determine and solve problems within the economy and we have seen this throughout history. The monetarist theory can effectively explain the deflationary waves of the late 19th Century, the Great Depression, and the stagflation period beginning in the early 1970’s (Wikipedia). Monetarists argue that there was no inflationary boom in the 1920’s, while Keynesians argue that there was significant asset inflation and unsustainable growth.Monetarists’ claim that the contraction of the M1 money supply during 1931-1933 i s to blame for the Great Depression and if the Fed had provided sufficient liquidity to make up for the insufficient money supply, then that financial crisis would have be avoided (Pettinger). In comparison, the increase in inflation rates throughout the 1970’s led many to consider monetarist policies to steady the money growth (Hafer 18). Even though the sudden rise in inflation in the 1970’s was related directly to oil price shocks, there was also a similar increase in the average rate of money growth.To combat this, the Fed began adopting a monetarist platform and monetary targets were effectively used in official policy analysis (Hafer 18). Later in the 1980’s President Reagan imposed strict monetarist policies of restricted money stock growth in an effort to stop the dramatic rise of inflation. At this time, the prime interest rate was at twenty percent and unemployment reached double digits. The monetarist policies Reagan proposed brought down inflation an d unemployment rates, suggesting that monetarist policies were succeeding (Allen 284).Most recently in the early 1990’s, John Taylor, an economics professor at Stanford, showed that U. S. monetary policy could be accurately described by relating movements in the federal funds rate to deviations in inflation from a target rate and deviations in real output growth from potential growth (Hafer 19). This Taylor rule dominates much of the research on monetary policy during the past decade, both as a model of Fed behavior and as a model to guide policy decisions (Hafer 19).While some disagreement remains, certain things are clear. Since 1990, the classical form of monetarism has been questioned because of events that have been interpreted as inexplicable in monetarist terms, primarily the unhinging of the money supply growth from inflation in the 1990’s and the failure of monetary policy to stimulate the economy in the early 2000’s (Wikipedia). Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the Federal Reserve, explains why the monetarist theory unfortunately had no success in combating early financial problems.He argued that the 1990’s economic decline had little to do with the monetarist view of the money supply and rather was â€Å"explained by a virtuous cycle of productivity and investment on one hand, and a certain degree of â€Å"irrational exuberance† in the investment sector† (Wikipedia). Along with Greenspan, economist Robert Solow of MIT suggested that the 2001-2003 failure of the expected economic recovery also was not attributed by monetary policy, but by the decreasing productivity growth in crucial sectors of the economy (Investopedia).Despite both the successes and failures of the monetarist theory, in 2005 most academic specialists in monetary economics described their orientation as new Keynesians (McCallum). However, even with that focus, most of the changes to Keynesian thinking that monetarists proposed are accepted today as part of standard macroeconomic and monetary analysis and most economists accept the proposition that monetary policy is more powerful and useful than fiscal policy for stabilizing the economy (McCallum).In addition, current thinking clearly favors policy rules in contrast to discretion of central banks and stresses the importance of maintaining inflation at low rates. With new Keynesian views prominent in today’s society, it can be determine that it is only in the emphasis on monetary aggregates that monetarism is not being widely practiced today. Economic theories, including monetarism, are constantly changing to provide outlets for research in all areas of economics based on theoretical reasoning and analysis of economic problems.Despite the drastic differences between the late 19th century and today’s economy, the same economic problems remain the same. We cannot put so much doubt and negativity onto monetarist views as we can be assured that new economic theories will continuously emerge as changes in the economy bring fresh insights and cause existing ideas to become obsolete.Throughout these changes, the same motivating force is present regarding the need to understand the economy in order to achieve society's goals. These economic theories are highly significant in finding the right monetary policy to bring about economic growth and financial stability in a country. The monetarist theory, as well as others more prominent today, will continue to be debated and tested in order to find answers to some of the most troubling economic questions throughout our history.

Christopher Columbus Evaluation Essay

Who was the navigator, colonizer, and explorer extraordinaire that fearlessly journeyed the seas and â€Å"discovered† the great â€Å"New World†? It was Christopher Columbus, of course! However, in reality, Columbus didn’t actually discover the Americas. Rather, he traveled to an already-inhabited land with not-so-civilized inhabitants, and expropriated both the land, and the indigenous people. By doing this, he brought settlers from Europe, who helped take over the land, causing plenty of suffering and havoc, but also completing the map and transforming life for people around the world. Some believe he was a hero, and some believe he was a monster. However, one man’s gain is another’s loss in most cases. Columbus brought change, both good and bad, through his actions, which defined his character and personality. Columbus’s journey to the Americas sowed seeds of change and revolution for people all over the world. More people came to the â€Å"New World† to settle, and natives were brought to Europe, and more exotic tastes were introduced to both hemispheres; cattle, sugar, and pigs to the West, tomatoes, potatoes, corn, and cocoa to the East. New animals, especially the horse, changed everyday life for Native Americans, and written language spread the continent, replacing either a complicated system of hieroglyphics or nothing at all. Soon, people from all over the globe began arriving in great numbers, and the continent became a successful beacon of hope for many. Of course, with the up rise of some came the downfall of others. The indigenous people of the New World could not resist the conquistadors’ most devastating weapon: disease. Millions were wiped out by smallpox alone, and many were so ill that they could not resist the European conquest. The natives were not the only ones who suffered. Back in Europe, people started suffering from syphilis with the return of the conquistadors. Tobacco, its pleasures, and its deadly secrets were even more gifts to the Old World from the New. As the local population began to shrink, a new type of foreigner began to arrive in large numbers, the Africans. As agriculture-based economy began to spread in the Americas, so did slavery, and suffering for the Africans. Thus, the seeds of racial antagonism were sowed and still affect our society today. Christopher Columbus’s character and personality have long been debatable. Depending on how you evaluate his actions, he could either be a hero or a villain to you. Young students today are present with the image of a â€Å"largerthanlife† national hero. In some ways, he is. Without him, the American citizens of today might not even be here. However, it was inevitable that an outsider would stumble across this land and introduce their people to it, and the native people to a more civilized lifestyle. At the same time, the way that Columbus went about doing that was definitely inhumane. According to a journal entry from Columbus himself, dated back to 1492, he gained their trust and friendship just so that he could convert them and turn them into slaves. Not only that, but he took over a land that was already inhabited by people, tormented the people so much that there are not even 200 of the native population left today, and claimed that he was the first to sight the land. All this shows that he was very deceiving, unscrupulous, selfish, and definitely lacking chaste. In conclusion, Columbus’s conquest to the New World brought forth change, both for the better, and for worse, while his selfish personality showed through the whole time. Whether you see him as a hero or a villain, the collision of the New and Old worlds was inevitable, and his contributions brought forth a connection and world that we should all be very thankful for.