Fabric And Jewelery In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay Example For Students

Texture And Jewelery In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay Word Count: 783 Erin Kilkenny English Comp Lit Cathy Seigel Walk 7, 2000 Sir Gawain Essay In writing, bits of knowledge into characters, spots, and occasions are frequently conveyed to the peruser by emblematic references inside the content. This is the situation in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In this Medieval sentiment, the hues and surfaces of textures and adornments are utilized intensely by the artist as an expressive instrument, yet additionally to give the peruser data about the characters and jobs inside the story. The account opens with a vacation feast in King Arthurs court. The extravagance of this setting is spoken to by the beautifications encompassing Queen Guenevere depicted in lines 76-80. With exorbitant silk drapes, a shelter over,/Of Toulouse and Turkestan woven artworks rich/All broidered and flanked with the best jewels/Ever brought into Britain, with splendid pennies/to pay. These lines additionally represent the sovereigns job in the sonnet of an impressive image of chivalric Camelot and as a female perfect. In this setting ladies are all near, yet Guenevere is situated above them and is encircled by costly, delightful things. She is unmistakably made predominant. The Green Knight at that point shows up at Arthurs court to represent a test for somebody to remove his head and to have the kindness restored a year later. He and his pony are both completely green and are clad in rich clothing. The ponies saddle is portrayed as follows, in lines 164-167: About himself and his seat, set upon silk,/That to recount the wastes of time would burden my brains,/The butterflies and winged creatures weaved consequently/In green of gayest, with numerous gold string. The Green Knights appearance makes his otherworldly characteristics evident from the beginning, even before he can endure execution. Despite the fact that his fancy attire sets up him as a decent knight, the way that he is totally green isn't typical. Green is regularly connected with unpleasant, massive things, so subsequently the knight is given an otherworldly quality by that shading. Gawain, Arthurs knight who takes the Green Knights challenge, is depicted in various lights as the story advances. Depictions of texture and dress are indispensable to this depiction. At the point when he is withdrawing Camelot to locate the Green Knight, Gawain is delineated as a highminded, gallant knight boldly confronting his destiny. His dress, along these lines, is red, representing boldness, and bears a gold pentangle, an image of excellence. This is depicted in lines 636-639, On shield and coat in see/He bore that image splendid/As to his promise generally obvious/And in discourse most polite knight. Afterward, when Gawain is taken in by the château he stumbles upon, the texture depictions reflect how he is being dealt with. For instance, lines 856, An overhang over the lounge chair, clad all with hide and 877 With blankets curiously sewed, and pads bedside give the peruser a feeling of Gawains being protected. At that point, when he is getting ready to go meet the Green Knight, differentiate is appeared between his previous boldness and his weakness since tolerating the defensive green support from the Green Knights spouse by lines 2035-2036, That suppor t of green so goodly to see/That against the gay red indicated beautiful brilliant. Gawain wears the support to meet the green knight, and the red of his robes, which is emblematic of fortitude, thwarts the supports fearful green. In spite of the fact that the support spares Gawains life, it ruins his notoriety. The Green Knights spouse endeavors to lure Gawain every one of the three days he is a visitor at the château and the court goes out to chase. Every day, he cordially denies her advances, and she returns increasingly forceful and with less garments on. Lines 1738-1741 depict the third and most forceful room chase scene through texture and gems. No hood on her head, yet substantial with jewels/Where her filet and the fret that kept her tresses;/Her face and her reasonable throat uninhibitedly showed;/Her chest everything except uncovered, and her back too. .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b , .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b .postImageUrl , .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b , .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b:hover , .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b:visited , .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b:active { border:0!important; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b:active , .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b:hover { darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8421610c2fdc e9bd1deaccf80c08c76b .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8421610c2fdce9bd1deaccf80c08c76b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Gender Inequality Essay Obviously she is attempting to search useful for Gawain with adornments and absence of dress. Her allurements in the long run prevail in a way since he takes the green support from her so he will be ensured. A more profound feeling of understanding .

Arm Length and Heigh Investigation-Science Free Essays

A careful distance and Height Investigation By: Teresa Gebhardt Our Hypothesis is that, there is a direct connection between's a safe distance and tallness. We accept from watching our kindred understudies in class that taller individuals have longer arms. We tried this speculation by estimating the 24 understudies a safe distance contrasted with their tallness. We will compose a custom article test on A manageable distance and Heigh Investigation-Science or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Testing this speculation is significant with the goal that we can unravel our hypothesis that taller individuals have longer arms. The control was one single understudy who estimated most of different understudies. Shoes were expelled to guarantee precision and we made everybody stand straight against the divider, when being estimated to forestall loose estimations. We utilized a meter stick to quantify a manageable distance and estimating tape to gauge tallness. We changed over the creeps from the estimating tape to meters so we had an accurate unit. We estimated from the tip of your longest finger to under the left arm’s armpit. Our example size was 24 American understudies from the ages of 18-21. The imitate measures we utilized were estimating the a safe distance and stature of a similar subject (understudy) multiple times. We at that point took the normal of those three answers, which were adequately comparative. Our suppositions are that the divider is straight, the floor is leveled, and that we consummated the best approach to quantify. We found that the taller you are the more drawn out your arms are. The normal length of my classes’ a careful distance is 1. 64M and the normal tallness of my group is . 7 M. The information gathered shows that a safe distance increments as tallness increments. We utilized a table with 5 sections named: Subject, Trial #, stature, a safe distance, normal. Our impediments are that we just tried 24 understudies. The larger part were Americans yet of various races. We tried young men and young ladies. We just tried understudies of the ages between 18-21. My recommendation for doing this test again is independent guys from females to check whether sex is a determinant. The most effective method to refer to Arm Length and Heigh Investigation-Science, Papers

Performance Management Essay

Outline Welcome to Module 1. On the off chance that you have not effectively done as such, read the Program Manual situated in the Reference Material area of the CMA Canada Professional Programs site. It furnishes you with significant initial data about the program. In Module 1 of the program, competitors are presented to numerous practical abilities from the CMA Competency Map that include dynamic with respect to execution the board, execution estimation, hazard the board and administration, and money related detailing. For help while doing their assignments in these regions, applicants are relied upon to draw on a significant number of their middle and propelled the executives and monetary bookkeeping ideas they learned in their college courses and additionally in the Accelerated Program. For example, in this task, one of the ideas includes Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) examination. In these kinds of investigation, competitors might be approached to see how benefits and costs change with an adjustment in volume, or a change in such factors as factor costs, fixed costs, selling costs, and blend of items sold. By examining the connections of costs, deals and total compensation, the board is better ready to adapt to many arranging choices. Competitors who experience issues doing this task or future assignments with respect to CVP are urged to audit Chapters 11 and 12 from the Horngren et al. required perusing referenced beneath. As competitors acquire work understanding, they will be presented to various hierarchical worries in the theme zones laid out above. For example, up-and-comers might be approached to give examination on such things as: 1. Getting ready reports on an item or geographic portion to figure out where the association creates money and benefits; 2. Assessing vital choices in one’s association utilizing money saving advantage and situation/affectability examination; 3. Deciding the viability of costing frameworks for their suitability for an association; Â © 2012 The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. All rights held. Â ®/â„ ¢ Registered Trade-Marks/Trade-Marks are possessed by The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. No piece of this archive might be replicated in any structure without the authorization of the copyright holder. 4. Presenting the fundamental ideas of system to encourage a comprehension of the 10,000 foot view; 5. Building and breaking down an income articulation to decide money needs; 6. Taking a gander at various momentary venture methodologies as a way to adequately use abundance money; 7. Inspecting the adequacy of inside control frameworks inside an association; 8. Announcing results utilizing GAAP or an unveiled premise of bookkeeping; and 9. Breaking down a company’s different product offerings. The executives bookkeepers are regularly called upon to give the examination required to estimating choices, for example, cost-volume-benefit, item costing, anticipated worth, equal the initial investment, commitment edge, and affectability investigations. Appropriate and precise investigation is basic if the executives is to settle on very much educated choices. Utilizing the Right Financial Analysis Tool Candidates will in many cases end up obliged by space (word/page limits) and addit ionally time while doing their assignments. A basic result of breaking down cases is figuring out how to utilize budgetary investigation instruments under the suitable conditions. Choosing the correct apparatus has the impact of exhibiting both practical insight (regarding the candidate’s capacity to choose a fitting instrument) and brevity (in introducing the data in an expert way without troubling the peruser with non-significant data). The following are a few models that help to show how choosing the correct apparatus for the correct condition is basic to finish assignments in a snappy and productive way. While the models show the utilization of one instrument, note that different devices might be similarly as powerful. Given two situations and requested to give an investigation between them, applicants could break down them by anticipating the full salary explanation for both. While this is a substantial methodology, it takes a lot of time and requires the utilization of important report space that could be better utilized with the determination of an alternate instrument. It might be progressively suitable under these conditions to recognize just those applicable incomes and expenses and think about those. For a more top to bottom conversation of the contrasts between the two methodologies, see pages 422-423 in Chapter 11 of Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis (Required Readings recorded underneath). In particular, Exhibit 11-2 on page 423 shows the visual distinction between the two methodologies. Regularly commitment edge counts can be utilized to definitely diminish both the time it takes to investigate an issue and the space required to show the examination. This sort of investigation may apply to break down individual items, divisions or client gatherings. This apparatus can permit one to introduce the examination data in a substantially more brie f manner. Limiting is another apparatus that can be utilized to break down different situations. Once more, one could set up a monetary conjecture for the two situations and rebate those as needs be. Be that as it may, an increasingly proficient technique is select just the significant incomes as well as expenses for readiness and limiting. This instrument is especially helpful when taking a gander at situations that make distinctive multi-year impacts or that should be assessed over some stretch of time. Up-and-comers are urged to survey Chapters 11 and 12 in Horngren et al. (Required Readings recorded underneath) for additional models on device choice. Figuring out how to distinguish the pertinent data can radically decrease both the time spent on the examination and the space required to report it. In this task, up-and-comers are explicitly coordinated to do just certain means of the Steps for Approaching Business and Corporate Strategy. This case-unraveling approach was first acquainted with applicants at the Orientation Session. As referenced at the Orientation, these means furnish applicants with an efficient methodology for tending to a case including business-level and corporate-level vital issues. The initial three modules (Development Phase) of the CMA Canada Professional Programs get ready contender for the Case Examination and spotlight on the business-level vital issues. Applying this methodology viably is one of the significant abilities that applicants will learn in the Professional Programs. Reference Documents To help competitors with case investigation, a progression of reference archives have been made and can be found in the Reference Material segment of the Professional Programs site. The most significant records include: 1. 2. 3. 4. Steps for Approaching Business and Corporate Strategy General Assessment Guide Business Report Guidelines Format Specifications There are different archives, for example, Situational Analysis Tools, Developing an Implementation Plan and Pro Forma Financial Statements. Up-and-comers should discover these reports valuable all through the program. Learning Outcomes By the finish of the task, up-and-comers will have the option to prescribe techniques and strategies to an organization that is in a downturn situation. Due Date Please allude to the Schedule got to from the left route menu.

Direct and Indirect Compensation Essays

Immediate and Indirect Compensation Essays Immediate and Indirect Compensation Paper Immediate and Indirect Compensation Paper Question: â€Å"If representative underestimate the expense of advantage, for what reason should an organization not drop advantage and basically include more straightforward compensation† Do you concur or differ with this announcement? Clarify utilizing important authoritative models. Substance 1. Introduction3 2. Discoveries and Analysis 2. 1 What is representative advantage? 4 2. 2 What is pay? - Critical examination of pay parts and its capacity in an association? 6 2. 3 Total Reward Management8 2. Basic investigation of inspiration. 10 3. Conclusion12 References. 14 Bibliographies15 1. Presentation There is a typical wonder in the workforce-representative thinks little of their expense of advantage, for certain businesses they will in any case hold the advantages and effectively supplement more straightforward remuneration to the unsatisfied workers so as to draw in them. As a matter of fact, benefits are types of significant worth, other than installment, that are given to the representative as a byproduct of their commitment to the association, that is, for carrying out their responsibilities. Representative advantages regularly alludes to protection, (Example 1)such as retirement protection, wellbeing disaster protection, handicap protection, excursion, worker stock possession plans, and so forth . The motivation behind why representatives are miserable of their expense of advantage is related with company’s all out remuneration the board. Right off the bat, it will most likely relate with employee’s misjudging or absence of correspondence of advantage esteem. (Model 2) Too numerous workers today dont truly comprehend their support agreement, says Marianne Adams, associate VP of enlistment administrations at Colonial Life Accident Insurance Company. Model 3) â€Å"With more expenses and dynamic being moved to representatives, benefits correspondence and instruction is a higher priority than ever,† says Randy Horn, president CEO of Colonial Life. Furthermore, advantage undervaluation is additionally likely identified with the intensive understanding an d adaptable utilization of remuneration program. For the most part, pay classified into immediate and aberrant, them two have diverse capacity and inspiration impact. Direct pay is a compensation given to workers in return to their work and administrations for the organization. These incorporate base compensation, variable compensation, execution related installments and any retroactive compensation, and representatives can utilize it for the acquisition of products and ventures at their will. To something contrary to coordinate remuneration is roundabout pay, it implies the representative is the recipient, yet doesn't get straightforwardly. (Model 4) commitments to retirement annuity, clinical protection, preparing and instruction openings, and kid care voucher and different types of roundabout advantage. Besides, it is likely what we believe is a significant advantage won't simply fulfill other representative. This has something to do with representative inspiration, we can take Maslow’s chain of importance of requirements for reference, which implies each individual has distinctive inspiration necessity from their work, for certain workers, the fundamental needs, for example, food, house, security, for some others possibly higher to confidence or self-completion. In this way, boss should build up sensible and adaptable all out remuneration the executives approach under exhaustive comprehension of pay program along effective utilization of inspiration procedure. Much the same as an old Chinese saying goes, know the adversary, know yourself, you will never know rout. For this situation, we can say know absolute prize administration, know employee’s inspiration prerequisite, you will never know advantage undervaluation. 2. Discoveries and Analysis 2. 1 What is representative advantage? Advantage 5) benefits are protection (clinical, life, dental, inability, joblessness and laborers remuneration), excursion pay, occasion pay, and maternity leave, annuity pay, benefit sharing, investment opportunities, and rewards, etc. Moreover, there is another understanding of advantages that is substantial or impalpable. The advantages recorded above are unmistakable advantages. Impalpable advantages are less immediate, (Example 6) thankfulness from a chief, open door for advancement, pleasant workplace, and so forth. As indicated by Gary Dessler’s advantage characterization, he arranges them into 4 classes, which are: (1) pay for time not worked, (2) protection benefits, (3) retirement advantage, (4) administrations. (Dessler, 2011) 2. 1. 1 Pay for time not worked The meaning of pay for time not worked is the time not worked by a representative, which included to the paying working time field. Regularly, organizations give a specific timeframe to representative to manage non-business related undertakings. Pay for time not worked by and large including occasion, get-aways, jury obligation, memorial service leave, military obligation, individual days, wiped out leave, holiday leave, maternity leave, and joblessness protection installments for laid 10) National Insurance in UK is required, which shared by representative and boss together. Some different organizations so as to improve their advantage fascination will include extra protection classes, for example, handicap protection. (Model 11) IBM U. S. gives U. S representatives with 100 percent inclusion for essential medicinal services starting in 2010, representatives who worked in IBM will acquire full inclusion of the entire year essential human services protection. It is the principal organization that gives 100 percent essential consideration to its workers in U. S. (www. bm. com) 2. 1. 3 Retirement Benefit In US, the retirement advantage chiefly including government standardized savings and business annuity/retirement plans (Des sler, 2011). In UK, the retirement benefits by and large showed in National Insurance which was right off the bat a useful arrangement of protection against sickness and joblessness, and bit by bit spread retirement advantage. The commitments of National Insurance paid by the amount you gain and whether youre utilized or independently employed. Its commitment is borne by workers and boss together. Besides, you quit paying National Insurance commitments when you meet State Pension age which is 65 in U. K. Other than the standard operational prerequisite, numerous organizations lead adaptable retirement arrangements. (Model 12) O2 Company permits its representative put their annuity benefits into installment without leaving the organization. (www. o2. co. uk). (Model 13) Barclay, which is popular for its phenomenal advantage, in a situation to permit their workers use reserve to purchase organization annuity benefits and afterward put it as a tax-exempt singular amount. (www. gathering. barclays. com/Home) 4. Administrations So as to enroll and hold gifted representative alongside thought of various employee’s explicit circumstances, (Example 14) a portion of the workers are single 15) Sainsbury pick childcare vouchers as their support agreement, vouchers are non-available and absolved from National Insurance commitments and in this manner speak to a putting something aside for partners who get them as a feature of their absolute prize bundle. (www. sainsburys. co. uk) (Example 16)Employees incline toward decision in their advantage plans. In one overview of working couples, 83% exploited adaptable hours (when accessible); 69% exploited the adaptable style benefits; and 75% said that incline toward adaptable advantage plans. (Dessler, 2011) 2. 2 What is pay? Basic investigation of remuneration parts and its capacity in an association. 2. 2. 1 What is pay? For all intents and purposes, the director become acclimated to characterize pay in an essentially monetary viewpoint, (Example 17) they contemplate compensation, pay rates, get-away compensation, and different protection and different sorts of backhanded advantages. On another hand, representative think remuneration in an all the more barely way, they hold the point that pay is just about compensation alongside protection given by the organization for trade of their work for the organization. In any case, so as to comprehend pay totally and profoundly for both business to fulfill their representative at a bigger degree and to propel worker to save unwaveringness and beneficial for the organization, we ought to appreciate pay in its broadest sense. Pay is characterized as the complete prize bundle offered by an association to its representatives. It envelops the entirety of the prizes or installments unmistakable and impalpable, money related and nonmonetary, physical and psychologicalthat an association gives its representatives in return to the work they perform. Caruth,N. L. what's more, Handlogten,G. D. 2001, p1) In my sentiment, remuneration is a type of arrangement among boss and worker. Representative work for the organization, and afterward the organization gives them they merited and needed remuneration. Regardless of whether it is a decent arrangement or not relies upon their common fulfillment. In any case, when all is said in done, the primary reason for remune ration is to pull in, hold, inspire and fulfill representatives to the extent that this would be possible for the ordinary and proficient activity of an association 2. 2. 2 Critical investigation of pay segments and its capacity in an association? Regularly, pay is comprising of immediate and aberrant pay. Components of a complete pay program incorporate both immediate and roundabout pay. Direct pay alludes to pay rates, rewards, and different types of motivating force installments. Aberrant remuneration alludes to worker advantages and perquisites, things that a representative normally gets in structures other than money installments. ( Fallon,L. F. what's more, Zgodzinski,E. J. 2005) Compensation is regularly separated into immediate and circuitous compensation. Direct compensation incorporates the accompanying kinds of pay: pay (absolved representatives), hourly rate (nonexempt workers), rewards, impetuses, and investment opportunities sometimes. Aberrant compensation incorporates the accompanying: get-away time, occasion time, wiped out time, advantages, and limits. (Roden

Effect of Advertisement on Sales Free Essays

MKT 321: MARKETING RESEARCH METHODS JAN †APRIL 2013 CAT 1 Using the information and abilities procured in this course (Research strategies) clarify how might improve the presentation of your Research and Development Department in a firm (15 denotes) An innovative work (RD) division in a firm is liable for advancements in structure, items, and style. This office is answerable for making creative new items to keep organizations a stride in front of the opposition. Numerous organizations likewise depend on the RD office to improve existing shopper items, and to investigate better approaches for delivering them. We will compose a custom paper test on Impact of Advertisement on Sales or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Organizations flourish and prevail by making inventive items, just as by expanding organization benefit and using cost-proficient techniques. An innovative work division is principally answerable for guaranteeing that these objectives are met. This is a particularly significant capacity in the fields of assembling and pharmaceuticals, yet can be applied to for all intents and purposes any industry. Frequently, innovative work works intimately with the showcasing office. Promoting considers customer inclines by looking over and inquiring about purchaser requests, buying techniques, item deals, and the presence and improvement of innovation over the pertinent market. The advertising division assembles all the information, and makes this data accessible to the RD office, which will make a move because of the discoveries and continue to stay with the on current market needs. Shopper requests regularly change rapidly, and the innovative work division must be caution and adjust to these market variances in like manner. I would contribute a significant measure of cash to innovative work so it can ceaselessly change and update the firm’s items to safeguard a brand’s position inside the market. This is on the grounds that regardless of whether our item would be driving in the market, anyway much it is a key item, ordinarily won't stay in the main market position perpetually without some sort of progress and headway. Innovative work division programming The advancement of advancement research and item improvement requires a decent harmony between the group and the executives associated with R;D ventures. Celebrity Task Manager gives this parity and permits to oversee R;D undertakings and exercises viably. The product assists with conveying data on the most recent turns of events and arrange the asset task to new encouraging ventures in effective and opportune manner. Celebrity Task Manager can be utilized as R;D venture the executives programming for arranging the work process of the division. The product gives the accompanying choices Quality is a significant issue and R;D division is profoundly engaged with guaranteeing nature of new items and accomplishing the necessary degrees of administrative prerequisites. In collaboration with the quality affirmation division, R;D office builds up a quality arrangement for new items. At the point when an organization sells an item on the commercial center, it should keep administrative consistence with legitimate necessities. By utilizing Centriqs, the R;D administrators can sort out the work process for inquires about and advancement of new items. In Centriqs, there can be utilized errand layouts for explores of run of the mill items just as for another item determination improvement. The product permits to include new work process with explicit undertaking statuses. By bringing Centriqs shareware into the work process, the R;D division can compelling coordinate with QA office through sharing assignments and tasks planned to advancement of value plans for new items. The R;D directors can utilize the Files view to transfer administrative archives to the database and connect records to required undertakings shared between specialists, experts and researchers. | Research and advancement division objectives/undertakings The fundamental objective of the R;D office is to give the association professional dynamic administration in the business and solid upper hands through execution of new innovations and arrangements meant to improve flow item run and grow new items. The R;D division intently works with the quality confirmation office so as to make another answer for improving the manageability and the nature of items. The assignments of R;D division could be part into two primary gatherings: innovative work. The gatherings are firmly connected with one another, anyway they have a few quirks. The examination exercises permit the association to discover progressively compelling approaches to create an item. The improvement exercises are centered around how to actualize these ways into assembling of the present or another item. Innovative work division in organization structure Research and improvement are frequently over the top expensive and it requires some investment to get positive outcomes from them. Anyway most organizations put a ton of cash in innovative work and fabricate R;D divisions. The associations which have R;D divisions in their structure, increase huge focal points, since: 1. Items are marketed quicker 2. Items arrive at worldwide markets 3. Commitment to client certainty 4. Viable misuse of advancements 5. They gain focal points over rivalsThe innovative work division will empower an increasingly dynamic and quicker exchange of advancements into item improvement and abuse. | CAT 2 As a supervisor you have noticed that the deals for a specific item have dropped notwithstanding having expanded the degree of promoting. Clarify in subtleties how you would embrace a statistical surveying to realize in the case of promoting influences deals (20 denotes) a. Foundation data. The foundation serves to put look into destinations into setting, and it will assist me with understanding why I will seek after the targets of realizing why promoting influence deals. I would detail what I see similar to the headliners that have caused or added to the publicizing impact on deals. Such a foundation gives a system for the specialist to examine other potential occasions, contributory factors or causes. b. Targets. The initial segment of this area would detail which advertising choices are to be finished once the examination has been attempted. This requires chiefs to clarify what they see as the focal point of the choice they intend to make. They at that point proceed to clarify what gaps(s) they find in their insight. Those holes make the concentration to arranged esearch exercises and set the exploration targets. The detailing of the promoting targets can envelop two zones: hierarchical destinations and individual goals of the chief. For the scientist this may not be express or evident to observe. It might require some investment working with a chief or a specific association to see the potential clashes in hierarchical and individual goals. This à ¢â‚¬Ëœfirst-step’ brief offers the open door for the specialist to draw out and build up a much more clear vision of showcasing and research destinations. Drawing out and creating decisionmakers’ point of view of goals, helps the way toward building up a typical comprehension of what the leader is attempting to accomplish. c. Focus to inquire about. Any statistical surveying undertaking will gauge, comprehend or watch an objective gathering of people. These might be particular gatherings of purchasers, channel individuals, for example, retailers or contenders, or organization representatives. In this area, subtleties of the qualities of the objective group(s) can help in much research structure choices. These spread regions of recognizable proof, accessing conduct inquire about, understanding which strategies are fitting to quantify or comprehend these people, and the best condition or setting wherein to direct the examination. d. Who is to utilize the discoveries? This segment would diagram brief subtleties of the leader who will utilize the examination discoveries. For instance, certain chiefs might be pioneering and contemplative, searching for momentary strategic points of interest. Supervisors with a foundation and preparing in measurements may anticipate that outcomes should be examined and introduced in a specific way to have any validity. Different directors might not have such preparing or may even be suspicious of factual examination and look for a progressively subjective translation. These 19 issues have an effect upon the nature and degree of examination directed upon the information gathered and the style and configuration in which look into discoveries will be introduced. e. Imperatives. The principle constraint to promoting scientists completing what they may see similar to the right method to investigate an issue is the time and cash that the advertiser can bear. With information on schedule and cost limitations, the scientist can build up an exploration configuration to suit these eeds. The analyst may likewise show different strategies that could request more prominent measure of cash or time, however could have clear advantages that the advertiser might be unconscious of. Different limitations, for example, those forced by the customer firm’s staff, hierarchical structure and culture, or dynamic sty les, ought to be distinguished to decide the extent of the exploration venture. However limitations ought not be permitted to decrease the estimation of the exploration to the leader or to bargain the uprightness of the examination procedure. In examples where the assets are too constrained to even think about allowing a venture of adequate quality, the firm ought to be exhorted not to embrace formal promoting research. f. Managerial contemplations. These would spread out the managerial subtleties in finishing the exploration venture. Models could be the normal conveyance of interval reports, contacts in the association that might have the option to assist gracefully with facilitating data, or reference to wellsprings of materials and people that are expected to finish the exploration effectively. The most effective method to refer to Effect of Advertisement on Sales, Pap

If You Wish To Receive Your Decision Online

If You Wish To Receive Your Decision Online Selection committee has begun! We are pleased to announce that were still on schedule to release MIT admissions decisions online at 12:00PM EST on Saturday, December 9. (Decisions will also be sent via postal mail at approximately the same time.) If this date/time changes for any reason, I will announce it here, but I do not foresee that happening at this juncture. Decisions will be available to those who meet all of the following criteria: You have applied for freshman admission (not transfer or graduate). You have applied Early Action and your intended entry year (as designated in your MyMIT account) is 2007. What is the process for receiving my admissions decision online? In order to check your decision online, you will need to have registered for a MyMIT account and you will need to know your username and password. When decisions are released, simply visit https://decisions.mit.edu and log in using the same username and password that you use to log into your MyMIT account. There are no interim screens, so you should be sure you wish to receive your decision online before logging in to decisions.mit.edu. If you are using the remember me functionality with your MyMIT account, we strongly advise you to log out and log back in to be 100% certain that you know your correct username and password. We will not be in the office on the weekend that decisions are released, so to prevent any delays, you should confirm your username and password well in advance by logging into your MyMIT account. What if Ive forgotten my MyMIT password? You may use our automated system to reset it. Simply visit my.mit.edu and click on the lost password link. What if I dont have a MyMIT account? If you applied using our online application, you already have a MyMIT account. If you applied using our paper application, however, you may not. If you do not have a MyMIT account and you wish to receive your decision online, you will need to register for one using your MIT ID, which was sent to you via postal mail soon after receiving your paper application. If you have misplaced your MIT ID, or if you never received it, you may call our office (617.253.4791) to request it (please note that you will be asked to give some personal information for verification). If you register for a MyMIT account without your MIT ID, your username and password may not work on decisions.mit.edu. Will there be any indication of my admissions decision in my MyMIT account? Admitted students will see the addition of the Admitted Student Portlet in their my.mit.edu account beginning on Monday, December 11. (Deferred and denied applicants will not see a change.) Only 8 more days! Hang in there everyone. :-)

Start Complaining

This morning at 11:30am I wandered down to the dining hall at Barrett, the Honors College at Arizona State University. Was I heading to breakfast? Lunch? It didn’t matter; the dining hall was open. I scanned my card robotically and headed for my favorite station: home-cooked meals. It was closed. I was surprised at first, but then remembered that full service didn’t open until 4:30pm. So I ambled over to the grill and grabbed a Reuben, forgetting I didn’t actually like them that much. After taking one bite, I immediately realized I couldn’t stomach any more, and went back into the cafeteria for something else. For some reason, none of the stations seemed to be offering anything I particularly liked. I selected a few mismatched items that didn’t exactly constitute a meal. I was disappointed, but decided there was nothing I could do. Here in America, we think we have it good. We don’t have it good enough. In reality, we have so many things wron g with our lives. The things that are supposed to make our daily routines run smoothly rarely seem to work correctly. We don’t recognize that we are being cheated out of the most high-quality experience we could be having. We deserve to have every aspect of our lives work out perfectly. When things go wrong, we ought to complain more! How many problems could there be with our lives? The list is, in fact, lengthy. Our $1000 Macintosh laptops sometimes crash or can’t find an internet connection, our phones don’t receive texts reliably, the cooks in our dorm cafeterias give us the wrong portions and sometimes don’t even cook things we like, our professors assign us essays and workbooks, our cars run out of gas too quickly. Computers, cells, cafeterias, classes, and cars are parts of our lives for one purpose: convenience. Each of them should make it easier for us to advance in life, right? What business do they have malfunctioning? For instance: classes. Stu dents are taking courses at universities in order to get degrees in order to get higher paying jobs in order to live the American Dream. Classes should, therefore, be designed to make it easy for students to get passing grades. Tests? Essays? Out of class assignments? Reading? Workbooks? Projects? These activities make it strenuous for students to to ace their courses and quickly pass on to six figure salaries. Since we live in America, it is natural for our education to be handed to us with no trouble on our part. If a professor assigns students any sort of time-consuming project, the students should speak out against it! And yet, we never say an ill word. We’re too complacent. Despite all of the difficulties we face as Americans, trying to handle our laptops and phones and cars and education, we maintain such good attitudes. But enough is enough. I propose that we stop wasting time and energy helping people in Haiti, and people with cancer; stop feeling sorry for others an d start focusing more on ourselves, and how our costly trinkets and gadgets somehow don’t make our lives perfect enough.

Global Warming Causes And Effects - 880 Words

Global warming has increased significantly since the 1800s and is becoming a significant impact in our everyday lives. It is considered one of the most challenging environmental problems that exists today. Due to global warming, temperatures on Earth are rising and it’s affecting the way people live. Many people feel concerned about this issue while others could not care less. Developing countries do not understand the impact global warming has and how they should contribute to it while developed countries that contribute to global warming know that this situation is a big impact. Global warming is caused by a myriad of factors and as a result have negative effects on the people and how they live. The biggest cause of global warming is human expansion of the greenhouse effect, which is when the atmosphere traps in heat radiating from Earth towards space and as a result causes the Earth to be warm known as global warming. (Randal, Shaftel, and Tenenbaum). Global warming is caused by the emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which traps in heat making the planet warmer. Before the Industrial Revolution, â€Å"manufacturing was done in people’s homes using hand tools and basic machines.† During the 18th century of the Industrial Revolution, there was an increase of factories to help with manufacturing which dramatically changed human life and lifestyle. The steam engine, iron, and textile industries played big roles in the Industrial Revolution, which improvedShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects905 Words   |  4 Pagesindependent variables that are contributing to the cause of a problem the world is currently faced with, global warming. What is global warming? Well, global warming is a rise in the Earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect (which I will talk more about.) Which is when our ozone layer has a hole which gradually increases, and increases heat from the sun. This causes major problems such as the polar caps meltingRead MoreCause And Effect Of Global Warming953 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand the cause and effect of global warming, but it can take years for scientists to reach a consensus. The claims that global warming is the next apocalypse or is just some fairy tale lack scientific proof. These claims have confused the general public, and leave many citizens’ questions unanswered. Many people are concerned about the overall decline of environmental health due to an increase in man-made greenhouse gas emissions, but experts are now clarifying the debate on global warming with hardRead MoreGlobal Warming : Cause s And Effects1369 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming: Clearing up the Confusion to Become Part of the Solution Global warming, often confused with the term â€Å"climate change,† is a problem of worldly proportions that knows no limits, caused in large part by human actions. If it continues unchecked, its effects will be felt around the planet, from human society, to the environment, to the world economy. The purpose of this research paper is to understand the topic of global warming, its causes and effects, in order to help understandRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1325 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming is already taking place. It stopped being a prediction. The temperature at the earth’s surface has averagely increased by around 0.60 C.Both the oceans and the air are warming. It is believed that the greenhouses gases’ concentrations in the atmosphere have increased dramatically since the periods of pre-industrialization. This condition is caused by the activities of human beings most especially through the burning of fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil,Read MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects973 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal warming has become a massive problem throughout the world, and as the population grows so do the effects of climate change. What people do not know is that it is the leading cause of the earth’s end and might be a minor cause of death in the far future. Global warming is one of the many things that humans have caused that has no easy fix. Professors Charles Kennel, V. Ramanathan, and David G. Victor at the University of California – San Diego say that â€Å"Greenhouse gas concentrations are trendingRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1206 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is a naturally occurring phenomenon within our planet that needs to be reduced because it is affecting us in many harmful ways. It is one of the most current and widely discussed factors. It has been impacting us negatively in ways such as biodiversity and climate conditions. Several curr ent trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of ice caps and significant worldwide climate changes. Over the years, scientists have conductedRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1453 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Introduction A slight change in temperature may not seem that bad but a small rise in global temperature can do a lot of damage. Global warming is an increase in the earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate [11]. This report is going to discuss the many causes of global warming as well as the effects that come with it. It will also discuss ways to prevent global warming from happening. Causes of Global Warming Global warming is whatRead MoreGlobal Warming : Cause And Effect1471 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming (Cause/Effect) Jimareo Kimmons Comp I Dr. Sarthou 10/30/2015 Droughts, lengthy hot spells, heavy downpours, floods, and other extreme weather events are occurring more frequently and intensely every year. Around the world, research teams are analyzing these trends, noting the changes in temperature, rainfall, ice mass, sea level, and many other variables recorded by weather measuring devices. The trends are undeniable: the Earth is getting warmer. Polar sea iceRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1381 Words   |  6 PagesEarth is broken, and we all had a hand in breaking it, inadvertently though it may have been, by adding an abundance of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere that contribute directly to global warming; and we continue to do so every time we start our car, turn up the heat, turn on the lights or throw away trash. Global warming is a problem, caused in large part by human activity, and as it stands, poses a monumental threat to the planet and all of its occupants; while mega polluters do not have an incentiveRead MoreGlo bal Warming: Causes and Effects1422 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Global warming has been a very contentious issue of late in regards to environmental health and safety. Many pundits and critics alike exclaim that global warming is not as prevalent as individuals claim. One such pundit is that of George Will, whose article, Dark Green Doomsdayers indicates that global warming is simply a hoax. The statistics however prove otherwise. Global warming and its effects are far reaching. Society is affected due to higher frequency of natural disasters and drought.

Comparing The Epic Of Gilphash And The Epic Of Gilgamesh

In The Epic of Gilgamesh and the novel Genesis, we are shown gods and the biblical God who both enforce their ideas of justice against those they deem wicked. This is depicted multiple times in both pieces of literature, the most notable being the floods unleashed by God in Genesis and the gods in The Epic of Gilgamesh. The punishments inflicted on humankind are similar because the deities in both texts share their own concept of justice, fueled by human emotion. Throughout both stories these omnipresent beings deal with humans in a somewhat callous way, sometimes showing compassion but mainly displaying their powers to punish humans. When the gods in The Epic of Gilgamesh felt that a single man, Gilgamesh, was becoming too powerful they†¦show more content†¦A God that thinks and acts like a mortal is an implausible concept to a believer of the Abrahamic religions, because those traits either lower God’s stature or raise humans closer to God. But it’s depicted multiple times starting with the punishments inflicted upon Adam and Eve. In the beginning of Genesis and The Epic of Gilgamesh readers are shown that although these beings are omnificent they are mentally interchangeable with the mortals they rule over. Thus rationalizing their vindictive use of power, as an emotional response brought on by feelings associated with humans. The gods of Gilgamesh view humans as beneath them, however their apathy doesn’t exempt them from the careless way in which they treat mortals. Especially when their punishments are brought on by emotions that should be considered unbefitting of a god. For example Ishtar taking the bull of heaven and killing hundreds of people because she was angered and embarrassed by Gilgamesh’s rejection. This decision by Ishtar to set the bull of heaven loose is an act completely void of reasoning, a purely emotional response that leads to the death of hundreds of humans. â€Å"she went up to heaven in a furious rage†¦ ‘O father, again and again does Gilgamesh scorn me, telling a tale of the foulest slander†(Gilgamesh, 50). This tantrum highlights the impulsive nature of these gods as

Income Elasticity of Demand

A Beginners Guide to Elasticity: Price Elasticity of Demand  introduced the basic concept and illustrated it with a few examples of price elasticity of demand.   A Brief Review of Price Elasticity of Demand The formula for price elasticity of demand is:   Price Elasticity of Demand (PEoD) (% Change in Quantity Demanded) à ·Ã‚  (% Change in Price) The formula quantifies the demand for a given as the percentage change in the quantity of the good demanded divided by the percentage change in its price.   If the product, for example, is aspirin, which is widely available from many different manufacturers, a small change in one manufacturers price, lets say a 5 percent increase, might make a big difference in the demand for the product. Lets suppose that the decreased demand was a minus 20 percent, or -20%. Dividing the decreased demand (-20%) by the increased price (5 percent) gives a result of -4. The price elasticity of demand for aspirin is high -- a small difference in price produces a significant decrease in demand.   Generalizing the Formula You can generalize the formula by observing that it expresses the relationship between two variables, demand and price. A similar formula expresses another relationship, that between the demand for a given product  and consumer income Income Elasticity of Demand (% Change in Quantity Demanded)/(% Change in Income) In an economic recession, for example, U.S. household income might drop by 7 percent, but the household money spent on eating out might drop by 12 percent. In this case, the income elasticity of demand is calculated as 12 à · 7 or about 1.7. In other words, a moderate drop in income produces a greater drop in demand. In the same recession, on the other hand, we might discover that the 7 percent drop in household income produced only a 3 percent drop in baby formula sales. The calculation in this instance is 3 à · 7 or about 0.43.   what you can conclude from this is that eating out in restaurants is not an essential economic activity for U.S. households -- the elasticity of demand is 1.7, considerably great than 1.0 -- but that buying baby formula, with an income elasticity of demand of 0.43, is relatively essential and that demand will persist even when income drops.    Generalizing Income Elasticity of Demand Income elasticity of demand is used to see how sensitive the demand for a good is to an income change. The higher the income elasticity, the more sensitive demand for a good is to income changes. A very high-income elasticity suggests that when a consumers income goes up, consumers will buy a great deal more of that good and, conversely, that when income goes down consumers will cut back their purchases of that good to an even greater degree.   A very low price elasticity implies just the opposite, that changes in a consumers income have  little influence on demand. Often an assignment or a test will ask you the follow-up question Is the good a luxury good, a normal good, or an inferior good between the income range of $40,000 and $50,000? To answer that use the following rule of thumb: If IEoD 1 then the good is a Luxury Good and Income ElasticIf IEoD 1 and IEOD 0 then the good is a Normal Good and Income InelasticIf IEoD 0 then the good is an Inferior Good and Negative Income Inelastic The other side of the coin, of course, is supply.

Corporate Social Responsibility On Business And Consumerism

Steve Pollak says that responsible business â€Å"refers to the practice of conducting business with consideration for ethical, environmental and community goals in addition to being a good employer and attempting to make a profit† (Pollak, 2010). This essay will be discussing what is meant by the term ‘Responsible business’ and what it encompasses. Looking into drivers that affect business and consumerism, they will be explained through looking at how it has developed over time and looking at where it is now in relation to business. Considering the different acts and legislation that the government has put in place, further discussion will continue into how consumerism and government affect business. Estimations about the future of business and consumerism will be discussed in detail. For this essay a broad range of literature and websites have been used to gain relevant facts and information about this topic. Responsible Business is known to cover a range of issues such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Sustainability, and Corporate Citizenship. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as â€Å"the obligations of business to pursue those policies, to make those decisions or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society† (Bowen, 1953), as quoted by (Smith, 2011). Bowen explains that CSR means businesses taking action towards doing things society wants and needs and accounting for the needs of the people.Show MoreRelatedImpact of Black Friday and Cyber Friday on Our Economy1619 Words   |  7 PagesFriday and Cyber Monday are consumer driven holidays that carry large impacts on both economical and environmental issues. While the holiday shopping season can significantly aid in the finances of small and large companies, the mass spending and consumerism also reduces resources from the environment and the atmos phere of spending can also be seen as the spending of our resources. Every unnecessary purchase is as equally damaging our environment. However, the majority of consumers were not aware ofRead MoreHow Graphic Design Has Had On Popular Culture And Consumerism1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn this summative essay I would like to explore and analyse the influence that Graphic design has had on popular culture and consumerism. Graphic design can be defined as â€Å"the art and practice of planning and projecting ideas and experiences with visual and textual content. The form of the communication can be physical or virtual, and may include images, words, or graphic forms.† (aiga.org) Designers are problem solvers and it is their job to come up with a suitable solution to a problem. They haveRead MoreEthical And Socially Responsible Business Practice1662 Words   |  7 Pagesfaced by corporations and the strengths that are drawn from their ethical and socially responsible business pra ctice. In today s business world, it is difficult for corporations to define what is regarded as a responsible business practice in the areas of ethical and social responsibilities. The hallmark of a good company is to maintain a strong ethical practice, values, policies and social responsibilities that guides its conducts as well as the activities of its employees. Taylor (1975), defined ethicsRead MoreEthical Implications Of Ethical Consumerism1552 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' 1.0 Ethical Consumerism 1.1 Definition The term Ethical consumerism, means that more customers prefer to purchase goods that are obtained ethically, made ethically and distributed ethically. According to Jacqueline Payne (2012), â€Å"An ethical consumer is someone who buys things that are produced ethically. Depending on the context, ethical production may mean producing something that is recycled, using labour that is produced in facilities without the use of slavery and child labour, or processingRead MoreThe Impact Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Buying Behavior1283 Words   |  6 Pages E. (2001). Do Consumers Expect Companies to be Socially Responsible? The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Buying Behavior. Journal Of Consumer Affairs, 35(1), 45. This article examines whether or not corporate social responsibility affect purchasing decisions by reviewing surveys and implementing an experiment. Afterwards, researchers examined the data to determine if corporate social responsibility affects consumer behavior. Both methods were integral to come up with a substantial conclusionRead MoreThe General Macro Environment And Industry Attractiveness1101 Words   |  5 Pagesrecession in China would pose a threat to Kohl’s business. The issue of increasing wages and the potential for inflation associated with that has led the Fed to begin increasing interest rates, which poses a threat to Kohl’s and the retail industry at large. Overall and based on the economic factors of this PESTEL analysis, opportunities for expansion through e-commerce in developing countries must be integrated into Kohl’s strategy formulation. Social conditions will continue to determine Kohl’s corporation’sRead MoreThe Strategy Of Green Consumerism1569 Words   |  7 Pagesn order to sustain any business without depleting natural resources, business strategists have come up with several strategies for organizations. Some common strategies include maintaining social justice by fulfilling labor regulations and laws strictly, providing equal remuneration to male and female employees alike and protecting the environment by maintaining e-books and databases instead of files and paperwork so that plants and trees are saved. In Corvallis a lot of the stores has paper freeRead MoreBroker Analysis852 Words   |  4 PagesThe Corporation: Video Case Study    1. What role should the corporation play in our lives and society, if any? a. Corporations should provide quality products or services to individuals. b. Corporations should also have a social responsibility to the surrounding community and in the outsourcing countries they utilize to make their products or services.    2. Should corporations be entitled to the same legal rights as individuals? Where should the line be drawn? c. CorporationsRead MoreEssay about Toms848 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility of TOMS Shoes BUS 311 Ethical Management May 20, 2013 Toms Shoes Corporate social responsibility is defined as actions of an organization that are targeted toward achieving a social benefit over and above maximizing profits for its shareholders and meeting all its legal obligations (Ghillyer, 2012). The for-profit company, TOMS Shoes, takes social responsibility seriously starting with their central goal: We can create a better tomorrow by takingRead MoreEssay about Social marketing reflects corporate social responsibility1110 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This assignment will initially describe social marketing and then indicate how corporations affect stakeholders through companies’ social marketing and responsibility. Following that, the importance and functions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social marketing will be demonstrated. Finally, it will explain how organizations reflect CSR and make a short conclusion to indicate the relationship between social marketing and CSR. Social Marketing In the past decades, the marketing

Cypcore positive outcomes Free Essays

Identify the positive outcomes for children and young people that practitioners should be striving to achieve. In 2003 the I-JK government for England and Wales launched one of the most important policies, partly in response to the death of Victoria Climbie, in relation to children and children’s services. It was produced as a result of a review of children and young people’s services, it had two main findings; one was for all services to work together and share information and it identified five positive outcomes for children and young people. We will write a custom essay sample on Cypcore positive outcomes or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a practitioner working with children I am aware that the upport I give the children to achieve the five positive outcomes is crucial in their development. Be healthy; Physically healthy Mentally and emotionally healthy Sexually healthy Healthy lifestyles Choose not to take illegal drugs Parents, carers and families promote healthy choices Stay safe; Safe from maltreatment, neglect, violence and sexual exploitation Safe from accidental injury and death Safe from bullying and discrimination Safe from crime and anti-social behaviour in and out of school Have security, stability and are cared for Parents, carers and families provide safe homes and stability Enjoy and achieve; Ready for school Attend and enjoy school Achieve stretching national educational standards at primary school Achieve personal and social development and enjoy recreation Achieve stretching national educational standards at secondary school Parents, carers and families support learning Make a positive contribution; Engage in decision-making and support the community And environment Engage in law-abiding and positive behaviour in and out of school Develop positive relationships and choose not to bully and Discriminate Develop selt-contldence and successtully deal witn signitlcant lite Changes and challenges Develop enterprising behaviour How to cite Cypcore positive outcomes, Papers

Canadian Health Care VS. U.S. Health Care Essay Example For Students

Canadian Health Care VS. U.S. Health Care Essay Word Count: 325One of the major differences between the U.S. and Canadian health care system is the payment system. In the United States, physicians are paid more for doing more, and the return on their time is higher if they perform a procedure than if they use their cognitive skills. Because of the fact that procedures often require hospital care, this approach translates into higher expenditures for hospital care. In Canada, Physicians operate under a system of free schedules and overall provicial limits on health spending, and they have no incentive to increase the number of procedures. In Canada patients are virtually fully insured. There are also no deductibles or copayments. Canadian physicians are mostly reimbursed on a fee-for-service basis. There are also very little use made of the prepaid group practices that have grown so rapidly in the United States. Another major difference is the fact of the government sanctions causing Canadian physicians to limit their use of tests and procedures. The biggest difference between Canadas health care system and the U.S. health care system is taht in Canada most of the funds for health care come from a single source. Canadas hospitals also have budgets which are set by the government causing adiministrators, physicians or patients to limit the amount that is to be spent. Canadians receive fewer health services than Americans, yet there is no discernable difference in the infan mortalitly and life expectancy statistics of the two nations. If there are no discernable differences, why are the Americans paying mor for the diversity and the extra services. But, on the other hand, would Canadians want a shorter stay, and an increase in tests and procedures, if they had the choice. Which system is actually better. The system that is better is the one that the specific society wants and adapts to.

Social Science Students and Researchers †Free Samples to Students

Question: Diacuss about the Social Science Students and Researchers. Answer: Introduction: Observation is one of the essential tools used when carrying out a qualitative research approach (Ritchie et al., 2013). Gathering relevant information by means of observation of significant people/consumers, analysing their actions and real-life situations, are the main elements constituting an observational research. Kimberley Clarks Huggies brand used this approach when all the other traditional approaches failed to supply desired results, after the sales of baby wipes dropped considerably, right before their launch of a line of other baby products. They provided glass-cameras to sample management consumers and observed their daily struggles with diapers; accordingly, they reinvented their products in a way that would make them easily dispensable and disposable with one hand. Merits: This particular method has multiple merits for using mostly primary data for resource. The data collected by this approach is usually reliable, unbiased and accurate. It enhances the all-over accuracy of the research result. It significantly brings down dependency on external factors. Use of modern technological gadgets make the process much easier by allowing to make observations for long durations, without disrupting the interviewees schedule (Rauschnabel, Brem Ro, 2015) Demerits: However, one of the demerits is that it is a time-consuming process. Along with that, it does not comply with the opinions of the consumers as much as it complies with their behaviour response. I agree with my peer that observing the concurrent behaviours that take place in a natural environment primarily constitutes the research methodology. It enjoys various merits of its own, which includesreducing dependence on consumer opinion, rather analysing their daily activities and behavioural responses for more accurate data than feedback surveys or interviews can provide. Another merit is that it helps a marketer to distinguish real issue from initial issue. Considering the Kimberley Clarks use of observational research for Huggies prodducts, it revealed underlying issues of neglect towards mothers and children and identified the real issue from the initial issue of losing sales. References Rauschnabel, P. A., Brem, A., Ro, Y. (2015). Augmented reality smart glasses: definition, conceptual insights, and managerial importance.Unpublished Working Paper, The University of Michigan-Dearborn, College of Business Management. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage.

Why You Should Use a Sample Compound Essay

Why You Should Use a Sample Compound EssayIf you are looking for a way to really impress college admissions officers, you could consider using a sample compound essay. Your college is no doubt waiting for you, and if you're prepared, they might not notice that you haven't prepared any of the important material.In fact, since you have already completed the information required for your application, including a sample compound essay, it's only logical that you do all of the other parts yourself. However, if you're prepared, you'll be ready to show that you can take any assignment and make it into a good one.College admissions directors are only looking for you to help them decide whether or not you belong in their program. They want you to be an asset, not a liability. They also want you to come to class and interact with your classmates so that they can determine whether or not you will fit in.Just as important, however, is how well you and your college admissions officer can work tog ether. If you have a good relationship, then you'll know what to expect from your professor and you'll be on your way to having a successful college experience. If you don't, then you'll likely lose your place in the college program.Your college admissions officer is one of the best judges in the world. They are using all of the resources available to them to evaluate your character and the quality of your work. They are going to want to see that you are reliable and have a reasonable number of successes to prove your worthiness.The best thing that you can do is show your college admissions officer that you can make something look simple and make it look hard. This will give them confidence in your ability to succeed. If you want to really impress the college admissions officer, then you need to make sure that you think of the future before you start working on the past.Showing that you are flexible enough to try something new and to not worry about what your college admissions offi cer is doing may just get you the acceptance letter that you've been waiting for. It's never too late to learn from mistakes and move forward. So get started today!

What is Christian ethics Research Paper Example

What is Christian ethics Paper The term ethics deals with what is morally right or wrong. Christian ethics therefore, deals with what is morally right or wrong for a Christian. There are several distinguishing characteristics of Christian ethics, each of which play a vital role to its analysis. Some Christians will base their ethics solely on the Bible and its teachings, others will base their ethics on the biblical teachings but also on Church tradition and Natural Law, others will follow a Situation or virtue ethics approach and others will look to their conscience as a guide. Christian ethics is based on Gods will and is a form of divine command position. However, God never wills anything contrary to his unchanging moral character. The ethical imperatives that God gives are in accord with his unchangeable moral character. That is, God wills what is right in accordance with his own morals Be Holy because I am Holy. Christians believe the scriptures transmit the Word of God: this gives them authority. The weight of authority given to the Bible is dependent on what exactly a Christian believes about the books. Some Christians believe that humans were inspired by God to write down the scriptures which means the writings are related to the time and culture when they were recorded and may contain human errors. This makes them a useful source of guidance to people but does not make their contents absolute. Others believe the Bible contains Gods words handed down directly to humans. This makes these writings divine and makes them the highest authority their rules and codes are absolute. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Christian ethics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What is Christian ethics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What is Christian ethics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The New Testament has particular importance for Christians because it records the teachings of Jesus, whom Christians regard as Gods Son sent to earth to save humanity. They also believe it is essential to follow Jesus teachings if they are to be saved. The Divine Command theory is a strong part of Christian ethics as it poses a vital belief the argument is that something is good simply because God commands it and for no other reason. This is one side of Euthyphros dilemma and states that we cannot apply reason or verify it in any way. For example, if God were to command a cruel dishonest action such as murdering an innocent man then it would be right simply because he commanded it. Many Christian thinkers, including Aquinas and more recently William Temple, have rejected the Divine Command Theory because they say some things are innately good or bad. Temple said, In its nature, the moral judgement is quite wholly independent of religion. The Roman Catholic Church accounts for the majority of Christians in the world, and is the largest religious organisation of any religion. Within Catholic theology, Natural Law holds a dominant position. Aquinas has emphasised reason as a tool for showing that certain acts are intrinsically right or wrong, as they go against true purpose; certain absolutes, such as sanctity of life, cannot be changed by the circumstances. The Church encourages a range of different approaches, but when it comes to official church teaching, the vast majority of statements, encyclicals etc. are strongly in-line with Natural Law. Within other denominations, Natural Law theology still has a significant impact. Many Christians adopt deontological positions and think we should act according to Gods design or purpose for our lives. They may be less influenced by Aquinas in this, and Protestants tend to be less sure about moral absolutes. However, there is still a strong sense of following rules within most Christian denominations. Christians believe Natural Law is God-given and as such has authority in the formulation of an ethical code. Catholics also consider that conscience plays an important part in Christian ethical decision-making. Here conscience is not seen as some inner voice which will point us in the right direction but something of reason and judgement. Christians regard their conscience as the ultimate guide for making moral decisions because it was given to them by God and represents the voice of the Holy Spirit within them. Prayer worship and the teaching of the Church also assist the conscience, which Aquinas described as reason-making moral decisions. Very liberal Protestants may have a situationist approach to Christian ethics. Situation ethics presumes it is not necessary to abandon moral autonomy, nor is it necessary to act in an antinomianistic or legalistic way. In any situation people need to avoid subjectivism and individualism, and to use the moral rules of the community, but they should set these aside if love is better served by doing so, therefore being based on the Christian principle of agape unconditional love. Joseph Fletcher explained this theory in his book about situation ethics and it became apparent that he believed that love always takes the priority, even over laws against lying, stealing, adultery and murder. For example, this could be applied in a situation where it would be wrong to use someone for sexual pleasure as there was no love involved. Virtue ethics is also an important source for Christian ethics. Instead of focusing on acts or ends, virtue theory holds that people should think about becoming better people, and prescribes qualities which constitute goodness. So while a utilitarian seeks to bring about the end with the greatest good for the greatest number, and Aquinas encouraged people to do actions which accorded with the natural law and avoid those which didnt, virtue theorists encourage people to look to self-improvement. This links to love as being the highest of all virtues and also the rationale for all virtues but just in different circumstances. The virtues, for Christian ethics point towards the goal for which we aim, even if we do not achieve it in life. In conclusion, it is evident that Christians set out to follow the Will of God. They use various sources of authority to discover what the Will of God is and I have mentioned these different types of foundations of the religion in my essay which has proved that whilst most Christians would recognise them as sources of authority, they are likely to place a different emphasis on their relative importance.

75 Synonyms for Talk

75 Synonyms for Talk 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Talk† 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Talk† By Mark Nichol Talk, talk, talk it’s all the same. Or is it? There are many ways to talk, and each has its own word (or words) for it. Here’s a noncomprehensive roster of many synonyms for the noun and verb forms of talk (I had to stop somewhere): 1. Babble: enthusiastic or excessive talk, or meaningless sounds or nonsense words; to talk in this manner 2. Back talk: a disrespectful response; to respond disrespectfully 3. Backchat: see back talk, badinage, and gossip 4. Badinage: light, witty talk 5. Banter: see badinage, with a connotation of good-natured teasing or arguing; to engage in such talk 6. Barb: a hurtful and/or critical comment 7. Blandish: see cajole 8. Blandishments: see cajolery/cajolement 9. Blarney: nonsensical talk 10. Bluster: boastful or threatening talk; to speak boastfully or threateningly 11. Cackle: see chatter (verb only) 12. Cajole: to persuade with soothing or flattering remarks 13-14. Cajolery/cajolement: talk with the intent to persuade 15. Causerie: see chat (noun only) 16. Chaff: see badinage; also, to tease good-naturedly 17. Chat: an idle or inconsequential conversation; to engage in such talk 18. Chatter: quick, extensive, and/or aimless talk; to talk in such a manner 19. Chin music: see chat (noun only) 20. Chinwag: informal talking; to talk informally 21. Chitchat: see badinage 22. Circumlocution: evasive or verbose talk 23. Comment: an opinion or observation; to say something of this type 24. Confab: see chat (also, a formal meeting) 25. Confabulation: see chat and confab (also, something made up) 26. Confer: to exchange opinions or seek advice 27. Conference: a meeting, or an event consisting of presentations and/or meetings 28. Confess: to admit to a thought or action considered improper or shameful 29. Conversation: a talk between or among two or more people 30. Converse: to speak back and forth with one or more people 31. Crack: an uncomplimentary comment; also, to quickly say something, as when spontaneously telling a joke pertinent to a situation 32. Dig: see crack 33. Discuss: to engage in serious talk 34. Discussion: a serious talk 35. Dish: see gossip 36. Double-talk: intentionally confusing or ambiguous language, or talk that is at least partially meaningless; to engage in such talk 37. Fast-talk: to persuade or influence by deceptively authoritative and/or flattering speech 38. Flibbertigibbet: see gossip 39. Gab: see chatter 40. Gabfest: talking consisting of gab 41. Give-and-take: an exchange of ideas or comments 42. Gossip: see chat, with an additional connotation of talk or talking about the personal lives of one or more other people (also, someone who engages in such talk) 43. Jangle: see chat 44. Jaw: see chat 45. Jest: a humorous or mocking statement; to make such a statement 46. Natter: see chat 47. Negotiate: to talk in order to reach an agreement 48. Negotiation: a talk in which the speakers seek to reach an agreement 49. Palaver: a discussion or conference, especially one between unequal participants, or deceptive speech, or see chat; to talk idly, try to persuade or deceive, or come to terms 50. Parley: see confer, with the possible connotation of talk between antagonists to agree to terms to cease hostilities; to engage in such talk 51. Patter: quick or monotonous speech, as in delivering a humorous speech or in rote delivery of prayers; to speak in this manner 52. Pillow talk: romantic talk, such as would be engaged in while the speakers are in bed 53. Pleasantry: polite, inconsequential talk, or see banter and jest (nouns only) 54. Quip: a spontaneous observation or response; to say something of this type 55. Raillery: see banter and jest 56. Rap: see chat and patter 57-58. Recital/recitation: public delivery of read or memorized material, or of details or answers 59. Recite: to deliver read or memorized material, or details or answers 60. Remark: a statement of judgment or opinion, or a reference to something notable; to comment in this manner 61. Repartee: an exchange of clever, witty statements, a single such response, or skill in talking in this manner 62. Schmooze: see chat, with the connotation of one conducted so as to gain personal or professional advantage; to talk in this manner 63. Small talk: see badinage 64. Spit: to talk about things or opinions a listener disagrees with or disapproves of 65. Straight talk: frank, straightforward talk 66. Sweet nothings: flattering talk intended to charm a potential or existing romantic partner 67. Sweet talk: talk intended to persuade, or to endear oneself to the speaker; to engage in this kind of talk (the verb form is hyphenated) 68. Table talk: informal talking such as that heard during a dinner party 69. Tete-a-tete: an intimate or private talk 70. Waggery: see banter and jest 71. Wisecrack: a clever or sarcastic comment; to make such a comment 72. Wordplay: witty, playful talk 73. Yack: to talk at length 74. Yammer: to talk relentlessly, or to complain 75. Yap: excessive talk (also, slang for mouth) I’ll follow up with a list of more elaborate idioms about talk and talking like â€Å"shoot the breeze,† but let me (and other site visitors) known which synonyms I missed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewDrama vs. Melodrama

Sustainable Construction Method Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Sustainable Construction Method - Coursework Example Much of this is now controlled by legislation and pollution of air, land and sea within the European Union and many Western Nations is now reducing. The loss of control of manufacturing processes therefore has a considerable environmental impact. 2. Resource Use The construction industry is the major consumer of resources of all industries. 3. Habitat Destruction While the three greatest and most imminent threats to the survival of our civilization are global warming, peak oil (the growing energy gap between supply and demand) and resource depletion, habitat destruction can have a more immediate and disastrous effect on certain localized areas and species. Sometimes these can also have a global impact (for example the impact of the deforestation of the Amazon rain forests). . 4. Waste There are increasing regulations about waste disposal from construction and many products, even common products like gypsum plasterboard and mineral wool insulation are now labeled as hazardous and requ ire special disposal. In addition there are many projects to find new uses for waste construction materials. However here, as with waste disposal, the less processed a material is, and the less hazardous, the easier re-use, recycling or healthy disposal (for example through composting) will be. Many essential materials are now in short supply. 5. Climate change The main base performance criteria for energy efficient buildings all concern the thermal performance of the building shell where most of the CO2 gains can be most easily made. The fact is that if we are serious about climate change then we need to stop playing games with technologies which do not deliver real CO2 savings. The real challenge in this area is... The intention of this study is the environmental impact assessment as a â€Å"process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made†. An environmental impact assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects. The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the ensuing environmental impacts when deciding whether to proceed with a project. The construction process and building use not only consume the most energy of all sectors and create the most CO2 emissions, they also create the most waste, use most non-energy related resources, and are responsible for the most pollution. Materials such as copper, which is largely mined in South America where whole mountains have been taken down and landscapes altered in the search for ever more rare resources. The environmental aspect can be looked as: emissions into the air, water spills, waste generation, soil pollution, resource consumption, local impacts, and impacts associated with transportation, effects on biodiversity and emergency situations and incidents. This particular proposal has been prepared by consulting engineers done on the behalf of their client. The aim of the project is to present a preliminary assessment findings pertaining to `energy options that can be exploited by client.

HOUSING SYSTEMS (urban planning) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

HOUSING SYSTEMS (urban planning) - Essay Example Policy makers of United States and Dutch have commonality of looking forward for renewal and revitalization. These renewal and revitalization are not just physical improvements but it incorporates the socializing aspect as well. A certain portion of self-efficacy is also involved in this renewal process. The measures and means of Dutch and America to attain this goal can be different but the final outcome of both the nations is same. (Varady, David P. and Karien Dekker, 2011) The recommendations about policies, driven from this information cannot be described clearly. Perhaps, the policy makers of Dutch want to learn from United States’ better approach to management. This can lead to a dramatic improvement for the safety of the sites of HOMES VI. A substantial dependence is on the marketing network which needs to play a key role in making a positive of these sites of revitalization. These efforts can be effective only when the social culture supports them. The anti social families and other multi problems need to be screened out. This would be a challenging task for Dutch policy makers and politicians. American policy maker Susan Popkin is looking for new different ways to house families having multi problems but there is no easy way to do such a complex issue. America can benefit Dutch policy makers because they have healthy experience of linking housing mobility with the revitalization of public housing in order to move to low poverty and healthy areas. It might be a challenging task to relocate this American rhetoric to Netherlands. The reasons include that many of the residents want to remain close to their relatives and family members and other institutions. They are also at ease with cheap social housing. However, housing mobility cannot be said as a poverty panacea. There are numbers of efforts required to monitor

The Role Of Media In Peace Building

The Role Of Media In Peace Building History has shown that the media can incite people toward violence. Hitler used the media to create an entire worldview of hatred for Jews, homosexuals, and other minority groups. Rwandas radio RTLM urged listeners to pick up machetes and take to the streets to kill what they called the cockroaches. Broadcasters in the Balkans polarized local communities to the point where violence became an acceptable tool for addressing grievances. The medias impact on the escalation of conflict is more widely recognized than the medias impact on peace-building. Yet it is not uncommon to hear experts pronounce that the medias impact on peace-building must be significant given its powerful impact on conflict. However, this simple relationship must not be taken for granted and should be critically examined in order to most effectively use the media for conflict prevention and peace-building (Wolfsfeld, 2004, p.15) In the last six decades, the influence of the media in the global arena has increasingly been recognized, especially its power to either exacerbate or contain potential conflicts. Indeed it is worth noting that among the defendants during the Nuremburg trials which were constituted by the allied forces following the defeat of the Germany and her allies immediately after the second world war was one Julius Streicher who although never held any official position within the Nazi party hierarchy, was considered to be among the top individuals who bore the greatest responsibility for the holocaust that killed more than six million Jews (Nuremburg trial papers). For close to twenty five years, Streicher had educated the Germany people in hatred and incited them to the persecution and the extermination of the Jewish race. The propaganda which Streicher carried for close to twenty five years was chiefly done through the medium of his newspaper as the editor of the Der Stuemer and later sever al other provincial journals (May 24 1934 issue). As early as the 17th century, Edmund Burke had coined the term the fourth estate, to demonstrate the growing power of the media in periods when power and influence was concentrated in hands of only three classes of society (Calyle, p 392).). Although it is still debatable as who was the first to use the word, Burke is said to have remarked that there were estates in Parliament, but in the reporters gallery yonder, there sat the fourth estate more important than four than they all. He was making reference to the traditional three estates of Parliament: The Lords spiritual, the Lords temporal and the Commons (Schultz, p.4). In the last 50 years the media influence has grown exponentially with the advance of technology, first there was the telegraph, then the radio, the newspaper, magazines, television and now the internet. Many people are today fully dependent on the information and communication to keep moving in the right direction and their daily activities like work, entertainment, healthcare, education, personal relationships, traveling are greatly controlled by what they read, hear and see. New communications technologies such as mobile/video phones and laptop computers are allowing journalists to gather and disseminate information with ease from many parts of the world. The digitization of the news industry, which has led to a compression of time and space, means we see news images of demonstrations, riots or coups within minutes of these occurring in the streets. These images not only inform global audiences, but may instigate further campaigns of violence at home. Commercial realities of news gathering have also affected the reporting of conflicts. The higher cost of news gathering in remote regions, coupled with the geopolitical and economic priorities of the West, mean that conflicts occurring at close proximity to the metropolitan centers receive coverage at the expense of those occurring further away in less developed regions of the world. A study of conflict reporting in the worlds major news outlets in 2000 shows that the Israel Palestine conflict was by far the most covered five times greater than the next most covered conflict (Hawkins, 2002) . Virgil Hawkins, the researcher who conducted the study, notes: By contrast, conflict in Africa, which has been, in the post-Cold-War world, is responsible for up to 90 percent of the worlds total war dead suffered an almost complete media blackout. Coverage of the massive war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which caused in excess of one million deaths in the year 2000, was almost insignificant (p. 231). With the international news agenda controlled by the worlds major media giants, it has become crucial to develop and strengthen media at the local level to maintain diversity of opinion. As media in many developing nations, such as Kenya, move away from state control towards private enterprise, it is essential for local media to find their own voice and professional codes. A well developed media system with professionally trained journalists usually benefits both global and local audiences and provides a vital link to the outside world during conflict situations. The media is a double-edged sword. It can be a frightful weapon of violence when it propagates messages of intolerance or disinformation that manipulate public sentiment; but there is another aspect to the media, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it can be an instrument of conflict resolution, when the information it presents is reliable, respects human rights, and represents diverse views. It is the kind of media that enables a society to mak e well-informed choices, which is the precursor of democratic governance. It is a media that reduces conflict and fosters human security (BBC policy briefing). Today, in every part of the world reliable, accurate and objective media, whether be it mainstream, alternative or traditional/non-conventional, can both help to prevent and resolve conflict through the automatic functions of responsibly disseminating information, furthering awareness and knowledge, promoting participatory and transparent governance, and addressing perceived grievances. In the same vein, inadvertently or overtly propagandistic media may equally fuel tensions and exacerbate conflicts, which in extreme cases like in Rwanda may directly result in genocide (Thomson, 1998). 1.1 Background of the Study To argue that media does make a difference means rejecting the view that media are no more than mirrors of something else -consumer choices; elite interests, or reality itself (as in the positivist assertions by some journalists that they simply report the way it is). It is a commonplace to suggest that media provide their audiences with a map of the social and political world beyond their own immediate experience. From this observation about contemporary complex society, flow other notions of media power: agenda setting (media capacity to focus public attention on some events and issues, and away from others); the spiral of silence (the withering of issues and perspectives ignored by media); priming (media ability to influence citizens criteria of political evaluation); cultivation (the gradual adoption of beliefs about the social world that correspond to televisions selective picture of the world), framing, and the ideological effect (the production of meaning in the service of dom ination) (Hackett Carroll, 2006, p.30-31). A less frequently considered but equally pertinent dimension of media influence is their relationship with anti-war movements. Within reasonably democratic states, and in the absence of elite discord, such movements may be the most important buffer within civil society against war. The movement/media relationship is asymmetrical: movements need media (to mobilize support, validate their political existence, and attract new supporters) far more than vice versa (Gamson Wolfsfeld 1993). Media play contradictory but important roles at every stage of their trajectory; their emergence, organizational self-maintenance, and success; when political and foreign policy elites are united around a war policy, dominant media are likely to trivialize or demonize anti-war dissent (Gitlin 1980; Hackett 1991). In the context specifically of war, some scholars see an intensification of media agenda-setting with the advent of real-time, 24-hour, globally distributed television news -most iconically Ber nard Shaws and Peter Arnetts reporting for Cable News Network (CNN) from Baghdad during the 1991 Gulf War. The so-called CNN effect allegedly highlights political uncertainty and incompetence, accelerates the pace at which politicians must respond to crises, and creates expectations and emotions that may force governments, against their initial inclinations, to intervene (or disengage) in conflict situations. The American humanitarian intervention in Somalia is often cited as an example (Spencer, 2005, p.24-38). According to Arnold (2005), the mass media contributed immensely to the propagation of US foreign policy agenda, couching imperial military actions in terms of humanitarian interventions undertaken to promote global freedom and democracy. This gave the US foreign policy the media attention cycle as there was competition among worldwide television and radio networks such as BBC, CNN, FOX TV and Channel 4 as who gets the right information first. This therefore, created huge demand for Western media even in non-western countries. In Africa, several efforts have been made to use the mass media to promote peace. For example, Radio for Peace-Building Africa (RFPA) is a program founded in 2003 by the international non-profit organization Search for Common Ground. The following are the countries in which RFPA is operated: Burundi, Central African Republic, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda. Working on the assumption that radio is the most accessible form of mass communication in Africa, RFPA trains journalists in peace-building, conflict resolution, and acting on commonalities. As stated in their achievements, 2010, RFPA has more than 3,000 members representing 100 countries, across Sub-Saharan Africa and beyond. They have carried out over 90 workshops and trained local radio station personnel (Radio for Peace-Building Africa, 2011). If the media have played an important role in breeding violence, it seems reasonable to examine the prospects of the reverse perspective-positive media contributions to ending violence and peace building in Kenya as a whole. Furthermore, if the media are usually found to support forces that lead to violent conflict, it can also be said that the media have the power to influence the activities that promote peace in the society. While media have been prominent contributors to every post-Cold War conflict (Prince and Thompson, 2002, Allen and Seaton, 1999), their role in post conflict peace-building and social development has not been apparent. Elsewhere however, recently there have been enough proves to accept the idea regarding the use of role that the media have played in peace-building. For instance, in Bosnia, Burundi, Cambodia, Croatia, Israel/Palestine, Macedonia, and Rwanda there are documented positive accomplishment of initiated projects of post-conflict recovery through the r ole of the media (McGoldrick, 2006). Also, over the past seven years, RFPA promoted peace in its areas of operation through levels of collaboration that it established between the government, media (TV stations and news papers) and civil society, increased the ability of radio stations to identify the underlying causes of war and conflict, increased the publics access to policy information, and used media to foster communication between policy makers and the civil society within that state, among other achievement (Radio for Peace-Building Africa: Achievements, 2012). 1.2 Problem Statement Literature on conflict and peace-building reveals a dismal focus on the role of the media in peace processes. Existing theory only tends to portray the media as essential in reporting and generating discourses on conflicts (Wolfsfeld, 2004; Watson, 2006; Bratic, 2006). Scholars of the post-election phenomenon in Kenya quickly conclude that, the crisis was a deeply rooted political and ethnic problem. Yet, the role of the media in the conflict, as well as its ability to mediate peace is not adequately tackled. In the East African region, Kenyan media like that in Rwanda has been scrutinized at the level of international law as a perpetrator of political violence. The post-2007 crisis serves as a good case to exemplify the process from conflict to peace-building. First, it illustrates the double role of the media as a constructive and destructive agent, and provides a link between media freedom and human rights. Secondly, this research explores challenges of media freedom within fragile democracies, where politics, poverty and ethnic differences can influence the media agenda. While the use of hate speech in the media is not discounted, this project will not focus on the subject as a whole, but draw examples to examine arguments. This project does not discuss ethnicity as a theory, but rather uses the term ethnic violence, a theme applied to describe political and ethnic tensions in Kenya (Hagg Kagwanja, 2007). The concept of ethnic violence has also been characterised as an element of civil or degenerate wars by several authors in recent years (Hanssen, 2000; Shaw, 2003; Kaldor, 2006). In recent times the effect of the mass media in shaping and forming the view of people especially the radio due to its accessibility, affordability and availability as compared to TV and computers (social networks e.g. Face book, Twitter, and YouTube) has contributed immensely to the development of a country. In the area of sport the mass media is promoting all kinds of sports especially football through constant publicity. As an emerging buoyant economic industry, the various media houses have established front desk for sports. Besides, they also have sports journalist who monitor, research and analyze sports related issues in the world, Africa and Kenya in particular. This has brought sports to the limelight of the media and given it a place in the media cycle. Inferring to the above and many achievements and contributions of the mass media in Kenya, it can be concluded that the mass media actually do assist in social improvements and building the ideals of the society. By systematically monitoring the performance of state institutions and reporting progress activities of the government, by guiding and dispensing of socialization, and by entertaining its audiences through interesting programmes. Against this background, many media houses have capacity building programmes to enhance public participation through phoning-in sessions. These programmes are also inspired by the need to improve and deepen governance and democracy. Notwithstanding, none or little concern has been given to programmes that are geared towards peace-building. It is for this reason that this study seeks to find out the role of the mass media in peace-building in Kenya. 1.3 Objectives of the Study The general objective of this research will be to explore the role the media has played in peace building among selected media houses in Kenya. The specific objectives of the research will be: To examine the activities of the media in peace-building. To establish the measures that government, stakeholders and media houses have put in place towards peace-building. To find out whether the media has been successfully used to promote peace in Kenya. To assess the effects of the media on peace-building. To make recommendations towards the use of the media in promoting and enhancing peace-building in Kenya. 1.4 Research Questions The following questions will serve as research questions to guide this research. What are the activities of the media in peace-building? What measures has the government, stakeholders and media houses put in place towards peace-building? How has the media been successfully used to promote peace in Kenya?. What are the effects of the media on peace-building? 1.5 Rationale for the Study The media is a double-edged sword. It can be a frightful weapon of violence when it propagates messages of intolerance or disinformation that manipulate public sentiment. But there is another aspect to the media. It can be an instrument of conflict resolution, when the information it presents is reliable, respects human rights, and represents diverse views. It is the kind of media that enables a society to make well-informed choices, which is the precursor of democratic governance. It is a media that reduces conflict and fosters human security. Today, in every part of the world, reliable, accurate and objective media, whether mainstream, alternative or non-conventional, can both help to prevent and resolve conflict through the automatic functions of responsibly disseminating information, furthering awareness and knowledge, promoting participatory and transparent governance, and addressing perceived grievances. In the same vein, inadvertently or overtly propagandistic media may equall y fuel tensions and exacerbate conflicts. This study aims at establishing the role of media in peace-building in Kenya. 1.6 Assumptions of the Study This study will be guided by the following assumptions: The media houses in Kenya have adopted acceptable practices in relation to peace-building reporting in their operations. The target audience from the population that will be selected will give a fair representation of the whole population under study. 1.7 Limitation of the Study Unexpected negative response from respondents due to the fact that they will be unwilling to give out sensitive organizational information. This will be delimited through counter-checking on secondary literature as well as desk-reviews. 1.8 Definition of Key Terms Capacity Building Capacity development is the process whereby individuals, groups, and organisations enhance their abilities to mobilize and use resources in order to achieve their objectives on a sustainable basis. Efforts to strengthen abilities of individuals, groups, and organisations can comprise a combination of (i) human skills development; (ii) changes in organisations and networks; and (iii) changes in governance/institutional context (ADB, 2004). Capacity building is a complex notion it involves individual and organisational learning which builds social capital and trust, develops knowledge, skills and attitudes and when successful creates an organisational culture which enables organisations to set objectives, achieve results, solve problems and create adaptive procedures which enable it to survive in the long term Ethnic violence In this study the term ethnic violence will be defined as a theme applied to describe political and ethnic tensions in Kenya (Hagg Kagwanja, 2007). Media The media refers to several mediums or channels used in an organized fashion to communicate information to groups of people, as a service to the public (Howard, 2002). In regard to this project, media is mainstream or independent (print, radio, television) in general. Peace Journalism According to Lynch and McGoldrick (2005) peace journalism is when editors and reporters make choices of what stories to report, and how to report them which create opportunities for society at large to consider and to value non-violent responses to conflict. Peace Journalism entails: Uses the insights of conflict analysis and transformation to update the concepts of balance, fairness and accuracy in reporting Provides a new route map tracing the connections between journalists, their sources, the stories they cover and the consequences of their journalism the ethics of journalistic intervention Builds an awareness of non-violence and creativity into the practical job of everyday editing and reporting (Lynch and McGoldrick 2005 p. 5). Peace Building The Carnegie Endowments Commission on the Prevention of Deadly Conflict (1997) defined peace-building as structural prevention which consists of the strategies to address the root causes of deadly conflict. Likewise, the Joint Utstein study of peace-building concludes that peace-building attempts to encourage the development of the structural conditions, attitudes, and modes of political behavior that may permit peaceful, stable and ultimately prosperous social and economic development. It states that there are four main headings related to peace-building: to provide security, to establish the socioeconomic foundations of long-term peace, to establish the political framework of long-term peace, and to generate reconciliation, a healing of the wounds of war and justice (Smith, 2003). These terms will be adopted in this study based but not limited to the above definitions. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The Kenyan Media: An Overview Kenya has a plural, sophisticated and robust mass media and communication sector that serve the various competing political, social, economic, cultural and technological needs of diverse interest groups. The sector has grown rapidly in the past 15 years because of a combination of factors including political and economic liberalization; and Kenyas strategic location as a regional and international economic and communication hub. Before 1992, the media scene was small, urban based and less independent owing to repressive media laws and regulation. Today, the media especially radio and television, reaches all urban centers and almost all rural communities. The broadcasting sub-sector is diverse, dynamic and competitive with substantial reach. There are about 14 TV and 113 radio stations in Kenya (Steadman Group, 2008). Radio is the number one source of information reaching almost 90 percent of the entire population followed by television reaching about 40 percent and newspapers (30 per cent). There are about 7.5 million radio sets (1.9 million in urban and 5.6 in rural areas) and 3.2 million TV sets in Kenya (1.4 million in urban and 1.8 in rural areas) in the country. There are about 16.7 radio listeners across the country with 12.4 million in rural and 4.4 million in towns (Steadman Group, 2008). Interesting developments in the broadcasting sector include the proliferation of FM stations broadcasting in over 21 ethnic languages out of 42 (CCK, 2008). The FM stations broadcasting in ethnic languages command about 30 percent of the market share today. Unfortunately, low professionalism characterizes most of these FM stations because they employ untrained and less experienced journalists. Satellite broadcasting is also thriving particularly among the upper and middle class in urban areas (Howard, 2008). Although the print media has a history of relative independence, it remains an urban phenomenon in Kenya. Kenya has 5 daily newspapers and over 10 weekly newspapers. The dominant newspapers are the Standard with a daily circulation of 80,000 -110,000; and Nation newspapers with a circulation of 100,000 120,000 (Mbeke Mshindi, 2008). The new media is also catching up in Kenya which boasts of 17.6 million mobile phone owners and 3.2 million internet users. There are over 1000 act ive blogs in Kenya. Safaricom, Kenyas number one mobile operator commands 70 percent of the market share and has over 16 million subscribers. Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC), the oldest and only public broadcaster, has the largest network of TV and radio stations across the country. KBC radio service, broadcasting in over 21 ethnic languages, is the only network in Kenya with the capacity to reach all audiences across the country. It also operates KBC TV. Royal Media Services, owned by media magnate S.K. Macharia, is the second largest media house in Kenya. It operates Citizen TV which has a national reach and several radio stations broadcasting in ethnic languages including Kikuyu (Inooro), Luo (Ramogi), Kamba (Musyi), Luhya (Mulembe) among others The Nation Media Group (NMG) is the largest media network in Kenya with interests in newspapers, magazines, TV and radio. It operates the Daily Nation, Sunday Nation, the Business Daily, the East African newspapers as well as the Tourist Guide, the Business Directory among other magazines (BBC Media Monitoring, 2007). NMG runs the NTV and QTV as well as Easy FM and QFM radi o stations both with a national reach. NMG is listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) with the Aga Khan as the key shareholder. The Standard Group (SG) owns the KTN Network, Kenyas first private TV station (1989) and the East African Standard Newspapers, the oldest newspapers having started in 1902. The SG is listed on the NSE with Baraza Limited, a company closely associated with the former President Daniel arap Moi and his close aide Joshua Kulei as the key shareholders. The people media group owns the People Daily several ethnic radio stations. It is associated with the Kenyatta family having bought it from Kenneth Matiba and the radio component from Rose Kimotho. Patrick Quarcco owns Kiss FM and several other FM station together Kiss TV and the Nairobi Star, a daily newspaper. Industrialist Chris Kirubi owns Capital Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) that runs CBC TV and Capital FM. Other media include STV formerly owned by professional journalist Hilary Ngweno. Kenya also has a strong faith-based broadcasting media including Hope FM, Radio Waumini owned by the Catholic Church; and Family TV and radio FM owne d by Leo Slingerland. A number of international news agencies and organizations operate from Nairobi, Kenya. These include the BBC, VOA, Duetsche Welle, Radio France, Radio China, Al Jazeera and CNN. While the press covers mainly politics and economic issues, the broadcasting stations in Kenya are characterized by heavy music and light entertainment programming lazed with interactive talk shows on politics and current affairs. Kenyans have continuously voted the media as the most trusted and influential institution even as they continue to express their reservations over other government institutions like the legislature and the executive. According to BBC, the Kenyan media is one of the most respected, thriving, sophisticated and innovative in Africa. Compared to other African countries, Kenya has in the recent past enjoyed a robust economic growth which in turn has supported one of the most dynamic advertising markets on the continent and a population which consumes news and information voraciously. In turn, this market has supported an explosion in media over recent years. This is a relatively recent phenomenon. While an independent media tradition in Kenya is a long one, it was only in 1992 that the media bloomed to become the thriving industry it is today. Until then, the suppression of media freedom by the then KANU government, a stagnant economy and the continued monopolization of the airwaves by the governments Voice of Kenya (now Kenya Broadcasting Corporation), meant that independent media outlets were few and confined mostly to elites. Over a period of 15 years, this increasingly assertive and self-confident media has played a substantial role in mediating relationships between citizens and state, in shaping the democratic dispensation in the country, and has transformed utterly how some of the most marginalized in society access information on issues that shape their lives. Kenyan citizens have become increasingly reliant on the media for such information, investing in it with greater credibility than almost any other source of information. For most of this period, the media has been seen nationally and internationally as a principal indicator of the democratic vitality of Kenya. Media has been at the forefront of moves to transform Kenya from one party state to multiparty democracy; it has gained a reputation for exposing corruption and acting as a vigorous forum for public debate; it is seen as a guardian of the public interest against an overbearing state power. 2.2 The Activities of the Media in Peace-Building While large scale or world war has been avoided, continual civil conflicts have not been avoided i.e., the conflicts in Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Congo, Somalia. At the same time, peaceful resolution of conflicts that have major potential for civil conflicts: the transitions in South Africa, in Central and Eastern Africa have been witnessed. Therefore, peaceful resolution of national-civil conflicts is in a great part a communication process. That is; a concept of communication that channels civil conflict away from open war in to what is called cultural negotiation (White, 1990, p.22-23). The media can provide information directly to citizens regarding major events of importance for decision -making so that citizens can take action and influence the structure of decision-making. What is expected is a narrative reconstruction of events which reveals the source of the problem, the persons who are responsible and why, and what emerge finally as the solution. The media are the forum for the expression of public opinion and enable the public and public officials to chart the general public opinion regarding the state of public affairs. The mirroring of public opinion enables the public to know what people are expecting and whether representative governments are serving the public or not. A totalitarian state is one in which civil society is totally absorbed by the state, a state without a public opinion. Boutros Boutros-Gali (1992) gave clarity and coherence to the concept of peace building when he defined it as Action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid relapse into conflict and, rebuilding institutions and infrastructures of nations torn by civil war and strife (and tackling the deepest causes of) economic despair, social injustice and oppression. Inscribed in Willshers comment about his role as a journalist is an assumption about media influence which has also come to be known as the CNN effect -so called after the first Gulf War when the UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali said: We say we have 16 members in the Security Council: the 15 members plus CNN (Boutros Ghali, 1995). The proposition is that todays global media have grown so mighty as to be able to raise issues to the political agenda by their own efforts; issues which would otherwise hold little or no interest for the powers-that-be. In summary, the influence of the media on society has attracted international agencies closely involved in peace-building since the early 1990s (Ross, 2002). The media can contribute to peace, by engaging in credible reporting, representing balanced opinions in its editorial content, and opening up communication channels among parties in a conflict. It can also identify and articulate without bias the underlying interests of warring factions. By doing so, the media is capable of disseminating information that builds on the confidence of stakeholders in a conflict. 2.2.1 The CNN Effect The Harvard University Joan Shorenstein Center for Press, Politics and Public Policy has been instrumental in examining media effects. Steven Livingston, a leading CNN Effect researcher and associate professor of communication and international affairs at The George Washington University, along with his colleagues at Harvard, identified three conceptual variations surrounding the CNN Effect: the notion that media serves as an agenda-setting agency, that the media serves as an impediment in some cases and that the media facilitates a more accelerated publi